Appraisal and Social-Cultural Factors Research Paper

Appraisal and Social-Cultural Factors - Research Paper Example A reading score that is two standard deviation below the mean implies that the student belongs to the bottom 3% of the grade sevens, implying that close to 97% of the grade sevens are ahead of her in the test. In what may be clearer terms, this means that if there are only 20 grade seven students, the student who scored two standard deviations from the mean in Reading means that she is about only as good as the slowest academic performer in 20 students. Make the students 100 instead of 20, a two standard deviation score below the mean score in reading means that she is about as good as third slowest academic performer in a reading if there only 100 grade seven students. These discussions are not very accurate, however, and were meant to impress important mental images of the situation. Table 1 refers to select portions of the normal curve. A test score that is two standard deviation from the mean imply a z-Score of -2.0 that is associated with -2.00. The numeral -2.00 follows through the intersection of the row of -2.0 in the z column and the column associated with .00 of the table. In turn, following protocols followed for the table of the normal curve, the numerals mentioned earlier are associated with the value of 0.0228 that gives area under the normal curve. The area of normal curve 0.0228 is associated with the probability associated with the lowest scorer with the score associated with two standard deviations below the mean. This means that more precisely the student we are discussing belong to bottom 2.28% of the grade sevens, following the association of 0.0228 with 2.28%. Meanwhile, a score of 115 given of 100 and standard deviation of 15 imply a z value of 1.15 following standard transformation formation protocols. In turn, the z-score of 1.15 is associated with the area 0.8749 under the normal curve based on Table 1. This means that the student we are

An Analysis of Space and Place in Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

An Analysis of Space and Place in Cinema - Essay Example The essay "An Analysis of Space and Place in Cinema" presents an overview of film space and place definitions considering their role in the aesthetic perfection of a film. Space and place in cinema is a topic worth on the go discussion. Film space is not a topic that can be glanced at untailored. Space in cinema is determined by the director, who is the first viewer when the angles which are not relevant for creating the space are screened out by him. Film space is a term that can be interpreted in various perspectives. In a film, space is used in a set design that is both literal and metaphorical. As an extension to this particular point, it can be stated that when conceptions of space are re-orientated it is not simply within a particular scene, but its significance is extended through the entire film. More specifically, an object on the wall shown in the first scene may not be brought into the film again; in spite of this, its significance stays behind. Actor’s body in space is the next level of significance. This idea can be expanded, the actor’s dimensions and negotiations of space and filmmaker’s skill to represent a movement through space. The concept space can be comprehended only by moving through spaces. In such an outlook the acting body is recognized as the site of transference between the viewer and the actual site of the film. Apart from this, the manipulation and creation of the space are by the camera eye. And in cinema, dissimilar pieces are put into place.

Discussing Pregnancy And Motherhood Privileges Social Work Essay

Discussing Pregnancy And Motherhood Privileges Social Work Essay Pregnancy and motherhood is a significant part of womens lives. In fact, motherhood is a privilege that only women can experience. However, not all women feel privileged about becoming a mother. Knowles and Cole (1990) suggest that there is an increasing number of cases wherein soon-to-be mothers are not happy about their pregnancy either because of their current marital relationship, the biological father of the baby is not responsible enough to give emotional and financial support, or simply because they have negative past experiences such as being sexually or physically abused by their own parents, brothers, or relatives (Knowles and Cole 1990). Due to high incidence of unhappy pregnant women and mothers, the number of female perversion also increases. Sexual abuse towards children or the act of inflicting harm towards her own body or the childs body is considered as female perversion in the sense that sexually abusing her own children, inflicting harm towards ones own body or her childs body is totally the opposite of the true concept of motherhood and femininity. Welldon (2008) argues that female perversion is often expressed by inflicting self-destructive harm caused by biological or hormonal disorders that normally affects their reproductive meaning (Welldon 2008). Unlike male perversion, researchers highlight that female perversion aims at causing physical harm against their own body or against the objects that they created, including their babies (Welldon 2008; Springer-Kremser et al. 2003; Richards 1990). Motz (2001) acknowledges that there are many ways in which female perversion could cause physical harm towards her own body. Since perverse women identify their own body as their mothers body, perverse women is capable of a ttacking their own body through self-mutilation or self-starvation (Motz 2001). Other signs of perverse women include, as Balsam (2008) and Somers and Block (2005) note are: the act of exhibitionism wherein the woman shows off her body as a way of showing her active sex life and pleasure they get during procreation and sexual promiscuity ( Balsam 2008; Somers and Block 2005). In the case of perverse mothers, Banning (1989) explains that they attack their own children as a way of expressing their violent revenge (Banning 1989). Various researchers note that perverse mothers are often guilty of infanticide, unlawful abortion, and concealing a birth (Fraser 2008; Spinelli 2004; Tekell 2001; Boswell 1984). Boswell (1984) suggest that infanticide cases normally occurs when the mother abandon their infant in outdoor places in order him or her to die from hypothermia, animal attack, hunger, or dehydration (Boswell 1984). In some cases, as Spinelli (2004) highlights, infanticide can also happen by intentionally suffocating the infant using a pillow or drowning the infant in a bathtub (Spinelli 2004). Spinelli (2004) and Tekell (2001) argue that that regardless of whether maternal infanticide cases happened because of postpartum mental illness or psychosis, schizophrenia, or purely because of neglect on the part of the mother or carer ,infanticide outside the concept of mental illness is clearly a crime under the law (Spinelli 2004; Tekell 2001). Postpartum mental illness or psychosis is a kind of mental illness that can occur because of too much blood flow that passes through the brain (Meyer, Proano and Franz 1999;Cox 1988). In some cases, as Rapaport (2006) highlights, the practice of lactation could become a ground for mental disturbances among mothers who has just given birth to a baby (Rapaport 2006). Fraser (2008) also argues that biological and hormonal imbalances cause significant changes in the mood such as agitation, delirium, and delusions on the part of the mothers (Fraser 2008). Aside from biological or hormonal disorders, other common factors that can trigger female perversion, as researchers suggest, include the early exposure to maternal abuse and neglect, alcoholism, the use of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic problems (Barnett 2006; Motz 2001). Peter (2008) suggests that when a young girl is physically or sexually abused or neglected in the past, the future relationship of the abused might lead to confusion between the appropriate and inappropriate sexual activity, especially if the relationship is an abusive one. Since the negative experience with man could further damage their self-image and psychological functioning, the victims ability to become good mother will also negatively affected (Peter 2008). Barnett (2006) also notes that childhood experiences such as a young girl who failed to receive emotional support from mothers and fathers could grow up feeling devastated about their life. Because of their strong desire to rebel, some women may end up becoming unwed mothers only to prove their femininity or their ability to become more superior than another person in this case, their own children (Barnett 2006). In line with this, other studies, Barnett (2006) and Welldon (1991), highlight that young girls who were sexual ly abused or emotionally deprived by their mothers often end up as prostitutes as a way of revenge. Authors also suggest that such mothers with psychological imbalance will intentionally inflict physical harm on their children (Barnett 2006; Welldon 1991). Welldon (1991) also explains that perverse mothers can either be a facilitator someone who is capable of adapting to the childs needs; or regulator the type of mother who anticipate that their baby is capable of adapting to their own needs , which the second type leading more to physical abuse of children (Welldon 1991). Society in general perceves mothers as a role models to their children, loving, nurturing. As part of being a role model, ideal mothers should refrain from the use of illegal substances,alcohol and smoking addictions. Aside from molding, educating, and nurturing their children to become good citizens, ideal mothers are expected to make their children happy and confident by instilling only good values in their minds. In other words, the role of ideal mothers are not limited in feeding their children but also to make them feel that they are loved by not being selfish. Every woman, on other hand, desires to be accepted socially as a good mother.In line with the strong desire to be accepted in public, the act of idealizing motherhood may lead to denial of female perversion. As it was highlighted previuosly, perverse mothers are capable of sexually abusing or physically harming their own children due of their negative childhood experiences. By strictly idealizing the concept of motherhood in our society, there is a strong possibility for perverse mothers will deny participating in any forms of such actions. As mentioned in the previous statement, various researchers suggest that female perversion can be noted when there is alarmingly disturbed relationship between the mother and her infant, mother and son, or mother and daughter (Peter 2008; Hetherton 1999; Banning 1989). In line with this, women who have been neglected or deprived of love in the past or were sexually abused, could make them capable of sexually abusing their own children. Although the possibility wherein perverse mothers could sexually abuse their children is high, Motz (2001) highlights that these type of cases are often under-reported because of the complex relationship or emotional attachment that is present between the mothers and children. The absence of concrete evidences, it would be difficult to prove that a perverse mother is indeed punishing their children physically or sexually especially when the child is too young to talk and defend themselves against their abusive mothers (Motz 2001). As a part of idealizi ng motherhood and femininity, the idea wherein perverse mothers are abusing their own children physically or sexually is totally not acceptable within our society. As a result of idealizing motherhood and femininity, there is a strong possibility wherein perverse women are more likely to deny their act of perversion in order to protect themselves from being humiliated and judged by the public as irresponsible, immoral, and/or cruel mothers. For this reason, Hetherton (1999) and Banning (1989) argue that idealization of women could result to more under-reported cases especially with regards to criminal issues wherein female perpetrators would sexually abuse a child (Hetherton 1999; Banning 1989). Researchers studies suggest that womens past and unresolved experiences of being sexually abused during her childhood days can make them prone to inferiority complex which makes her an easy victim of abusive men (Balsam 2008; Springer-Kremser et al. 2003). In line with this, a good example is drawn by Motz (2001) where a perverse mother wherein becomes as an accessory of sexually abusing her own children, when the husband coerced the wife to encourage 7 and 10 year-olds, sexually abused victims, to masturbate the husband while the wife was taking pictures (Motz 2001). We can suggest that in case these two children refused to participate in the sexual activity with the father, either the mother or the father would physically harm the children for disobedience. There is also a strong tendency for both parents to threaten these children not to inform other people about the sexual activity that happened between them. Given that the society strictly idealizes the concept of motherhood, pe rverse mothers will continuously deny their willingness to abuse their children physically or sexually as a way of protecting themselves from becoming involved in child abuse cases. Based on the given example, it is possible on the part of the perverse mother to claim that it was the husband who made her encourage children to perform illicit sexual activities with the couple. For this reason, as we may suggest, it is the husband who is more likely to face the legal consequences or punishment for engaging children to participate in illegal sexual activities as compared to the perverse mother. According to Welldon (1991), perversion in motherhood is possible when society denies mothers perversion and idealises being a mother. Author further agrues that due to sexual or social politics, some women are not treated as a complete human beings because they were not born as men. By not allowing women to feel completely as human beings, there is a greater chance wherein of emotional instability leading mother to result in perverse motherhood (Welldon 1991). Considering the cases of maternal infanticide, Rapaport (2006) explained that the law in UK has a distinctive legislation with regards to the act of killing infants and young children by their own mothers. In line with this, women who are proven victims of biological or hormonal disturbance caused by immaturity or unfavorable circumstances such as rape cases are qualified for settled law. For this reason, women who are guilty of maternal infanticide are free from death penalty. Under the Britishs infanticide statute of 1922 and 1938, mothers who are guilty of killing their infant or children because of postpartum mental illnesses or psychosis are exempted from capital punishment related to murder. Author further acknowledge us the legal charges that are most likely to be imposed on the accused mothers will be reduced to manslaughter provided that there are enough biological evidence to prove that the accused mothers are going through postpartum-related mental disorder. Instead of sen ding the accused mothers to prison, perverse mothers who happened to be convicted of killing their infants due to post-partum syndromes are mandated to undergo hospitalization for necessary treatments (Rapaport 2006). In relation to the case of maternal infanticide, Card (2002) explained that evil actions can be classified as either intolerable harm or culpable wrongdoing (Card 2002:4). Since conscience plays a significant factor which enables us to act good deeds and avoid those that are evil, each person should be free from mental illnesses when judging whether a human action is morally good or bad (Card 2002). Card (2002) suggest that those women who are suffering from postpartum mental illness or psychosis, should not be classified as perverse female simply because they are not mentally capable of determining what is right from wrong at the time they had committed a crime. Infanticide caused by postpartum mental illness and psychosis should never be considered as an intentional crime. For this reason, the level of legal punishment imposed on postpartum mothers who are accused of infanticide should be different from perverse mothers who are guilty of intentionally inflicting physical or sexual harm on their children (Card 2002). West and Lichtenstein (2006) also draw a good exaple of criminalization of Andrea Yates case who drowned her five children in the bathtub and was inicially convinced for capital murder, who later on was found guilty of insanity and eventually was moved to state mental hospital. Authors argue that societys myths and perceptions about perfect mothehood plays a great role in womens lives and stigmatizes those whos behavoir is unnatural and deviant. Aside from taboo and stigma, society also dont take into account the role of women;s daily activities, which as authors argue, lead to double shift both at home and at work which often result in emotional and physical stress and therefore could escallate to murder of a child (West and Lichte nstein 2006). Although it is possible that the act of idealizing motherhood could lead to denial of female perversion, it is by no doubt that justice will always prevail. Even though perverse mothers are capable of denying the act of harming their children physically or sexually, the local authorities can still gather concrete evidences from the victims of child abuse in order to convict preserve mothers who are guilty of committing a crime. Perverse mothers may continuously deny their act of female perversion, as in Andrea Yates case due to delusional thoughts about Satan, but they are not free from being legally punished for their socially unacceptable behaviour. Rapaport (2006) suggests that when maternal infanticide is classified by psychiatrists as a form of postpartum mental illness or psychosis, suspected mothers who are positive for postpartum mental illness or psychosis should be given the privilege to receive psychiatric treatment (Rapaport 2006). In line with this, Spinelli (2004) highly recommended the need to make use of formal DSM-IV diagnostic criteria when scrutinizing a suspected mother for killing her infant and deciding for the level of punishment to be imposed on mentally ill person (Spinelli 2004). Considering the fact, as Hetherton (1999) highlights, that idealization of women could result to more under-reported cases particularly with regards to criminal issues wherein female perpetrators would sexually abuse a child, criminologists together with the assistance of social workers and school teachers should continuously educate children concerning ways on how they can protect themselves from abusive parents including issues related to perverse mothers. By teaching the victims of sexually and physically abusive parents on how they can report such cases to the authorities, the number of victimization caused by perverse women is more likely to decrease over time (Hhetherton 1999). Barnett (2006) and Motz (2001) , as noted previously, suggest that the factors which can trigger female perversion include hormonal imbalances causing mental illness, the early exposure to maternal abuse and neglect, alcoholism, the use of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic problems (Barnett 2006; Motz 2001). For this reasons, the kind of punishment imposed on women who are convicted of murdering their children varies on case to case basis. Wilczynski (1997) notes that unlike men, the universal characteristic of ideal women is passive by nature. Since the publics perception of women is characterized by femininity, there is a lesser chance wherein perverse women and mothers will be accused of inflicting physical and emotional harm on their children. This is one of the main reasons why it has been a common legal practice in the United Kingdom that women who are found guilty of killing their own children are most likely to receive lesser punishment as compared to men (W ilczynski 1997). Up to the present time, there is on-going situation wherein perverse women and mothers are sexually abusing both male and female children. Since the cases of female perpetrators are often left unreported and considered by society as rare, there is a risk that the number of perverse female and mothers who are on the loose will continuously abuse children either sexually or physically (Peter 2008). The legal system in the United Kingdom strongly recognizes the possible link between maternal mental illness with maternal infanticide and child homicide. Since there are cases wherein perverse mothers and young women who are convicted of murdering their children are using insanity as a defence for murder or child abuse, criminologists in UK should be able to learn more ways on how they can improve their ability to differentiate perverse mothers from those mothers who are suffering from mental illnesses caused by postpartum. By psychiatrists to strengthen their ability to detect postpartum-related mental disorder and psychosis, there is a higher chance wherein the accused perverse mothers will be able to receive proper medical treatment and free themselves from the punishment of life-time imprisonment. As Raitt and Zeedyk (2004) suggest there is a very thin line that separates innocent women from perverse women who are guilty of murdering or physically harming their own children. Considering the fact that idealization of motherhood can enable perverse women and mothers who has just given birth to a baby to mislead the authorities by acting similar to mothers with postpartum mental disorders, criminologists should take it as a challenge to focus on determining the truth by gathering concrete evidences that will prove whether or not perverse women or perverse mothers are guilty of a crime. To prevent false accusations or wrong judgment, it is important on the part of criminologists to make use of medication intervention such as autopsy in order to determine whether the death of an infant was intention or merely caused by unexplainable infant death syndrome (Raitt and Zeedyk 2004). *** End ***

Unintended Results :: Free Essay Writer

Unintended Results Almost everyone looks with disfavor on slums. In certain areas of any city, one sees housing conditions that are distressing to say the least. Several families may be using the same bath and toilet facilities. Two or more families may be living in the same apartment. The buildings and apartments may be in various states of disrepair. Why do people live in them? Usually these are as much as lower-income families can afford. Some people think that this situation should be changed. They could not agree with the fact that so many families, of three people with one employed, cannot afford at least one-bedroom-apartment, and with time they urged the government to change this situation and to take control over the rent prices. According to Ansel Sharp, â€Å"In the United States, following World War II, numerous cities elected to continue rent controls established during the war† (68). The main purpose of rent control is to support lower-income residents. The most well known example of such control is undoubtedly that of New York City, which has some of the strictest rent control in the country. By analyzing the actual effect of the controls, we certainly could conclude that the local government should abandon rent controls in New York City because market tends to react in ways that offset the intended impact of that action. Such control may involve consequences that are clearly unintended. The first unintended problem generated by the rent control is housing shortage. In other words, the demand for rent-controlled apartments overcomes the surplus. That is why so many individuals and even families are forced to share the same apartment. Many young adults encounter difficulty finding an apartment when they decide to leave the family home and to start their independent lives. The chance of finding a job in a big city is greater than in a small town. That is why so many people tend to live in New York City. In most cases, searches for rents are unsuccessful. Ansel Sharp writes, â€Å"Today in New York City, for example, it remains popular for those seeking rent-controlled housing to daily scan the obituaries looking for recently freed-up space† (68). Of course, it was not the original intention of the local government but this is the inevitable outcome of price control. Secondly, the price control in New York City fails to satisfy the needs of those who are supposed to benefit from it. Unintended Results :: Free Essay Writer Unintended Results Almost everyone looks with disfavor on slums. In certain areas of any city, one sees housing conditions that are distressing to say the least. Several families may be using the same bath and toilet facilities. Two or more families may be living in the same apartment. The buildings and apartments may be in various states of disrepair. Why do people live in them? Usually these are as much as lower-income families can afford. Some people think that this situation should be changed. They could not agree with the fact that so many families, of three people with one employed, cannot afford at least one-bedroom-apartment, and with time they urged the government to change this situation and to take control over the rent prices. According to Ansel Sharp, â€Å"In the United States, following World War II, numerous cities elected to continue rent controls established during the war† (68). The main purpose of rent control is to support lower-income residents. The most well known example of such control is undoubtedly that of New York City, which has some of the strictest rent control in the country. By analyzing the actual effect of the controls, we certainly could conclude that the local government should abandon rent controls in New York City because market tends to react in ways that offset the intended impact of that action. Such control may involve consequences that are clearly unintended. The first unintended problem generated by the rent control is housing shortage. In other words, the demand for rent-controlled apartments overcomes the surplus. That is why so many individuals and even families are forced to share the same apartment. Many young adults encounter difficulty finding an apartment when they decide to leave the family home and to start their independent lives. The chance of finding a job in a big city is greater than in a small town. That is why so many people tend to live in New York City. In most cases, searches for rents are unsuccessful. Ansel Sharp writes, â€Å"Today in New York City, for example, it remains popular for those seeking rent-controlled housing to daily scan the obituaries looking for recently freed-up space† (68). Of course, it was not the original intention of the local government but this is the inevitable outcome of price control. Secondly, the price control in New York City fails to satisfy the needs of those who are supposed to benefit from it.

Chipotle Mexican Grill Incorporated Essay

1. Do you think CMG is a successful company? The Chipotle mission statement: â€Å"Food with integrity is our commitment to finding the very best ingredients raised with respect for the animals, the environment and the farmers. It means serving the very best sustainable raised food possible with an eye to great taste, great nutrition and great value.† This is the context which Chipotle uses to determine their success. Chipotle has made a mission a corporate passion. Not only have they lead the food industry in sustainable food sourcing, they have expanded their philosophy to striving for LEED certification in their buildings. They pride themselves on providing the highest quality food at reasonable prices. Does moral success translate to financial success? Steve Ellis started a taco shop in Denver, CO with the intent of reinventing Mexican food. He didn’t want fast food, he wanted real food. Despite his nay-sayers stating no one would want to pay $5 for a burrito, no one wants to see an open kitchen and certainly no one will stand in line to hav e something assemble before them, by 1998 he had opened 16 restaurants and McDonald’s decided to back his endeavors. With McDonald’s investment, the company grew to 500 stores by 2005. By January 26, 2006, Chipotle made its IPO and in October 2006, McDonald’s divested for $1.5 billion dollars. Financially speaking, net cash flows remain strong and positive. Their stock prices have rebounded very well since the financial crash in 2009, where the price was $47.76 to today where it is currently $608.67. They are operating approximately 1800 restaurants including ChopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen. In comparison to its competitors, CMG spends less in labor and building costs. Where it consistently spends more  is in food and packaging, which supports the mission of the company. The table below reflects costs as a percent of revenue: In 2014, CMG increased its food and packaging to 34.6% while decreasing its labor to 22% of revenue which is consistent with their core mission of providing quality food at a great value. 2. How does CMG compete? CMG takes a very different approach to competition and marketing and advertising: â€Å"Our marketing strategy has always been based on the belief that the best and most recognizable brands aren’t built through advertising or promotional campaigns alone, but rather through all of the ways people experience the brand. Out main method of promotion is word-of-mouth publicity.† CMG has taken conscious actions to decrease traditional marketing methods by decreasing the advertising budget from an all-time high of $7.9 million in 2009, to $5.8 million in 2011. CMG markets through print, outdoor and radio ads plus on-line advertising. Their goal is to target likeminded individuals and organizations who believe in the â€Å"Food with Integrity† mission. They also generate media coverage with their restaurant reviews about the quality of their food and their strong culture of doing the right thing in every aspect of their business. 3. How do CMG’s resources support the company’s competitive position? One area of resources is CMG’s suppliers. In 2008, CMG launched a program to increase local sourcing of its food items. This program cut down on fossil fuels used in transportation, gave local farms work and improved the taste of the food by using ingredients during their peak season. This local farm supply network provided lettuce, green peppers, jalapeno peppers, red onions and oregano. This program also resulted in 5 million pounds of produce in 2009 and 10 million pounds in 2012, which is a huge boost in the local economy for the farms used in the program. In addition to the locally-grown vegetables, CMG used ‘naturally raised’ meat, which is open-range, antibiotic free and vegetarian fed. One hundred percent of the port, 80 per cent of chicken and 50 per cent of beef used are in this classification. Additionally, all of the sour cream and chees came from cows that were not giv en the rBGH (human growth) hormones. While CMG would like to use all-organic ingredients, the cost is still too high, so they are doing what they can to continue to keep  the prices reasonable and to turn profits. CMG is one of two Mexican fast-food chains that can say they use 100% fresh ingredients. There are no microwaves, freezers, or can openers in a CMG restaurant. This is a huge advantage for target consumer groups such as the Millenials who are looking for good, healthy â€Å"fast food† options by companies who practice corporate social responsibility. CMG is providing jobs to local farms, therefore helping improve the local economy in the majority of CMG locations. CMG is responding to growing health concerns in eating habits by providing fresh, organic ingredients and cutting down on the amount of food they serve with hormones, etc. By using mostly organic ingredients, the food tastes better also. CMG also uses a vast majority of naturally raised meat which eliminates concerns of animal-rights groups. Finally, CMG is also looking into how to design and build restaurants which are more environmentally friendly and looking for systems to create more efficiency in daily operations. One way to do this is by using solar panels for energy. As of 2012, 3 of its restaurants in IL were LEED certified (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). This helps reduce energy consumption and the overall carbon footprint. 4a. What challenges does CMG face in late 2012? From 2012 until present time CMG faces two major competitors in the Mexican Food market, Taco Bell as the fast food segment and Qdoba as the fast casual segment. Both competitors have updated their menus that tend to resemble CMG’s but at lower costs. CMG handles their business in a way that is not as easy to copy but a competitor could try to imitate a product and possibly sell it for less. With CMG’s stand on food that is raised with respect for the animal their products are more costly but have a better taste and greater nutritional value. This process has caused CMG to look into their pricing since food costs continue to rise. CMG does not want to deter customers to their competitors by raising prices too quickly. In this economy CMG is facing many challenges in the fact with the depressed economy people are looking for quick service and or fast casual restaurants over full service due to cheaper prices and saving time. CMG’s competitor Taco Bell is also pushing a higher margin with a more aggressive menu and increased advertising. There also continues to be an overall increase in  food prices that will eventually affect CMG and their margins with food products with their standards compared to their competitors. CMG has walked away from the conventional restaurant practice and spends more on food and they own their restaurants instead of franchising, and they don’t advertise like their competitors. With these ideals CMG has structured themselves to be a strong restaurant chain and continue to be a formidable competitor. 4b. How should Steve Elis and Montgomery Moran position CMG to respond to these challenges? CMG needs to continue to stay competitive by ensuring stability in input costs by engaging in forward pricing. CMG needs to watch the economy and their competitors Taco Bell and Qdoba before making any decisions on major pricing changes. They will need to continue to focus on investments and general overhead costs. Steve Elis and Montgomery Moran need to continue on the path of organic agriculture and the humane treatment of the animals they use as food. People will continue to respect and want to eat â€Å"Food with Integrity†. CMG will also need to continue to find new and innovative ways to advertise making sure they solidify their reputation and push the freshness of their product. Health conscious individuals will see CMG as a healthier fare than other Mexican style restaurants. 5. What would you recommend the company do? CMG should continue to focus on solidifying its reputation for freshness and offering a healthier menu than most competitors by continuing to use mostly organic ingredients and local farmers. They also need to continue to focus on using suppliers that support the humane treatment of animals. CMG can also continue to build the connection with millennials because generations after the millennials will likely follow suit. Furthermore, CMG can continue with moving away from non-traditional media and using more technology-based options. Finally, CMG should work on getting more restaurants LEED certified and share best practices amongst all locations on how to improve operational efficiency in order to keep costs as low as possible to offset the higher prices for organic ingredients. They need to be very intentional about not rising prices too much higher than the competition otherwise they will price themselves out of the â€Å"fast food† industry.

Malaysian Legal System

TUTORIAL CHAPTER : MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM. Q1) The Federal Court is the highest court in Malaysia. The Federal Court may hear appeals of civil decisions of the Court of Appeal where the Federal Court grants leave to do so. The Federal Court also hears criminal appeals from the Court of Appeal, but only in respect of matters heard by the High Court in its original jurisdiction i. e. where the case has not been appealed from the Subordinate Courts. The Court of Appeal generally hears all civil appeals against decisions of the High Courts except where against judgment or orders made by consent.In cases where the claim is less than RM250,000, the judgment or order relates to costs only, and the appeal is against a decision of a judge in chambers on an interpleaded summons on undisputed facts, the leave of the Court of Appeal must first be obtained. The Court of Appeal also hears appeals of criminal decisions of the High Court. It is the court of final jurisdiction for cases which began i n any subordinate courts. Somewhat like the former Quarter Sessions in England, the Sessions Courts have jurisdiction to try offences which are not punishable by death.They are presided over by Sessions Court judges (formerly Sessions Court Presidents). The Sessions Courts also hear all civil matters of which the claim exceeds RM25,000 but does not exceed RM250,000, except in matters relating to motor vehicle accidents, landlord and tenant and distress, where the Sessions Courts have unlimited jurisdiction. The doctrine of Judicial Precedent works in two ways, vertically and horizontally. Doctrine of judicial precedents works in vertically with the superior courts bind all courts subordinate to it.In horizontally, it works with the courts that usually an appellate court is bound by its own previous decision. First,vertical doctrine shows the Superior Courts which include Federal Court, Court of Appeal and High Court. It also contains the subordinate courts which are Sessions Court, Magistrates’ Court, Juvenile Court and Penghulu’s Court. Horizontal doctrine shows the flow from High Court which is Federal Court to the lower court that is Penghulu’s Court. It is bound by its own previous decision, of its predecessors and coordinate jurisdiction.Second, judicial Decisions can be found in the High Court, Court of Appeal and the Federal Court and the then Supreme Council, Federal Court and the Judicial Committee of the Privacy Council. Decisions of these courts are still being made, systematically by the use of what is called the ‘doctrine of binding judicial precedent’. Judges do not decide cases randomly. They follow certain accepted principles commonly known as precedents. Precedents are basically decision made by judges previously in similar situations.For example The Federal Court (Superior Court in Malaysia) have decided that a minor or those who below 18 years of age, is not liable under a contract. If a minor is sued in Hig h Court for not fulfilling his obligation in a contract, the High Court will follow previous decisions made by the Federal Court. If a judge applies existing rules without extending it, his decision may be called a declaratory precedent; whereas if the case before him is without precedent, then the decisions made by him are called an original precedent.Because of the way the judging is done, judges are constantly contributing to the growth of unwritten law in this country. Q2) Written law refers to the laws contained in the Federal and State Constitutions and in a code or a statute. The written laws are much influenced by English laws as the Malaysian legal system retains many characteristics of the English legal system.. The â€Å"Written law† includes the Federal and State Constitution, Legislation and Subsidiary Legislation. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states with a Federal Constitution and 13 State Constitution.The Federation Constitution is the supreme law of the coun try. The Federal Constitution also provides for the â€Å"Yang di-Pertuan Agong† who owes his position to the Constitution and act accordance with it. The Constitution can only be changed by a two-thirds majority of the total number of members of the legislature. The Federal Constitution comprises many Articles concerning the religion of the federation and many other related subjects. Besides the Federal Constitution, there is a state constitution where each state has their own constitution regulating the government of that state.Legislations refers to the laws that are established by the Parliaments at federal level and by the State Legislative Assemblies at the state level. The Parliament and State Legislatures are not supreme and so they have to enact laws subject to the provisions set out in the Federal and State Constitution. In the Federal Constitution, Article 74, it states that parliament may make law with referring to matters provided in the List I of the Ninth Sched ule while the state legislatives may make law with referring to matter provided in List II.As for matters on List III which is the Concurrent list, are in the authority of both parliament and state legislatives. Matters that are not in the lists are within the authority of the States. Subsidiary Legislations are made by the people or bodies who are authorized by the legislatures. The Interpretation Act 1967 defines subsidiary legislation as rules, regulations, by laws, order, notifications made under legislations. The Legislatures provide basic law, so subsidiary legislation is very important is unsufficient to govern day-to-day matters. That is why the authority is delegated to delegate their legislative powers.In Article 150 of Federal Constitution, Parliament can pass the power to legislate any subsidiary legislation during emergency, even if there are any contradictions with the Federal Constitutions involved. The people or bodies who are authorized by the legislatures are the Y ang di-Pertuan Agong who is the nominal head of the executive and the Prime Minister and cabinet is the real executive. The Cabinet is answerable to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the nominal head of the executive in the country. However, according to the democratic ruling system, the Chief Executive is the Prime Minister.This does not mean that the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is unable to voice any opinion, but rather that he must act on government advice, whatever his personal view might be. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints a Cabinet to advise him on country's matter. The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and a number of Ministers who must all be members of Parliament. Besides that, the Government has set up various agencies to ensure the smooth enforcement of the law. It comprised of three main components, namely ministries, departments and statutory bodies.Lastly, Islamic law is also a major source of Malaysian law which is enacted under the Federal Constitution. It is only appli cable to Muslims and is administered by a separate court system, the Syariah Courts. The State legislature has authority over the constitution, organization and procedure of the Syariah Courts and is also allowed to make Islamic laws pertaining to persons professing the religion of Islam. Q3) The Unwritten law does not mean that the law is literally unwritten. It refers to the laws which are not enacted by the Legislature and which are ot found in the Federal and State constitutions. This category of law comes from cases decided by the Courts and the local customs, which is otherwise known as common law. The unwritten law mainly comprised of the English law, judicial decisions and custom law. The English Law can be divided into two which are the English Commercial Law and English Land Law. In section 5(1) of the Civil Law Act 1956 provides that The English Commercial Law is applicable in Peninsular Malaysia except Penang and Malacca as it stood on 7 April 1956 in the absence of loca l legislation.On the other hand, Section 5(2) of the same act, applies in Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak as the law administered in these states will be the same as law administered in England, in the like case at corresponding period. As for the English Land Law, none of the English Land Law concerning the tenure, conveyance, assurance of or succession to any immovable property or any estate, right or interest therein applies in Malaysia. In Malaysia, National Land Code is the law that governs the land matters.There is no any allowance for English land law, except in so far the National Land Code might expressly provide. Approaching the judicial decision, judges do not decide arbitrarily. Instead, they are bound to follow certain accepted principles known as precedents. Precedents are defined as ‘a judgment or decision of a court of law cited as an authority for the legal principle embodied in its decision†. The system of binding judicial precedent is called stare d ecisis. It is created by the English judges and introduced into Malaysia upon colonization.The Malaysian Court system is similar and in fact, influenced by the English Court system which is divided into the Superior and Subordinate Courts. Under the Subordinate Courts, the Penghulu Court is the lowest level and the state government will appoint a headman to preside the court for the specific district. Relating Sabah and Sarawak, both are equally related to the Native Courts that relates to the indigenous people's customs. A level above is the Magistrate's Courts which deals with minor criminal and civil cases and at the highest level are the Sessions Courts.However, the Superior Courts are made up of the High Court, Court of Appeal and Federal Court (which is the highest court in the land). Customs are another important source of unwritten law. Every race has its own customs. Hindu and Chinese customary law applied to the Hindus and Chinese respectively. Besides that, natives in Sab ah and Sarawak have their own customary law which relates to the land and family matters. In Malaysia, there are two types of Adat which is the Adat Perpateh and Adat Temenggung.Adat Perpateh is practiced among the Malays in Negeri Sembilan and Nanning in Malacca. It uses the matrilineal system which belongs to mother's lineage, meaning to say it involves the inheritance of property, names or titles from mother to daughters. It also concerns with matters such as land tenure, lineage, inheritance and election of members of lembaga and Yang di-Pertuan Besar. As for Adat Temenggung, it is practiced in other states and it uses the patrilineal system which belongs to father's lineage.

Laborem exercens Essay Example

Laborem exercens Essay Example Laborem exercens Essay Laborem exercens Essay Laborem Exercens Part One: â€Å"Introduction† Work is one of an aspect in life that differentiates man from the rest of the creatures. In addition, he must perform in order for him to earn his daily bread and contribute to the advancement of technology, science, political and economical status in the world. Automation of production, the high cost of raw materials, and the emergence of democratic revolution affected the distribution of work. According to Paulus (1981), work is part of what is old. However, man devised a way of specialization of work and division of labor in order to cater for the various aspects of life like geography, culture, and civilization. Ever since, the only purpose of work is capital and property. This means that man has to work in order to produce goods and services. It makes no sense to divide labor and capital separately. However, work serves man in ownership of property hence the existence of man on earth is essential on work. Part Two: â€Å"Work and Man† In the book of Genesis, is written that, the main aspect of human existence on earth is dependent on work. Man dominates the world by domestication of animals and obtaining food and clothing from them, farming and extraction of minerals from the sea hence starting the industrial era. Development and advancement of technology has made the work of man easier and simpler thus creating a specialization of work. Workers solidarity came about after injustice in the system came about. Their solidarity and worker’s rights have brought many changes like the control of productivity and running of the business. Paulus (1981) also states that, â€Å"On the world level, the development of civilization and of communications has made possible a more complete diagnosis of the living and working conditions of man globally.† Moreover, other forms of injustices, which were more extensive, have come up. Part Three: â€Å"Conflict between labor and capital in the present phase of history† During the period of â€Å"Rerum Novarum†, the industrial insurgency brought about the conflict between labor and capital that later transpired into a struggle of the various classes in the society. In addition, the greed motivated by the opportunities for the unique profits that the industrial revolution brought about, man, the most important factor in work, hence relegated to a subsidiary role based on the economic value of his contribution to the industrious process. Moreover, it contributed to removing the conflicts between workers. Unemployment need to be deal with, as it is a major drawback to the wellness of the economy of the world. Part Four: â€Å"Rights of workers† The rights of workers should include job offers to disabled persons. In addition, they should include salaries, medical insurance, retirement benefits, and work leave every year. According to catholic teachings, workers unions are a mouthpiece for lesser-paid workers in the industry. God sees the spirituality of work especially on human. Paulus (1981) states that, â€Å"an inner effort on the part of the human spirit, guided by faith, hope, and charity, is needed in order that through these points the work of the individual human being may be given the meaning, which it has in the eyes of God†. Whichever department one works in, he or she should work heartily as if he or she is serving God not man, remembering that the chosen one will receive inheritance as a return. Later, our actions here on earth will determine the resulting outcome. Part Five: â€Å"Elements for a spirituality of work† If a man gains the world and loses himself, he has no use in this world. Moreover, God’s kingdom should be eminent from the earthly possessions. In the end, it is in our very nature that man must work in order to sustain himself and his family in this changing world. Sweat and fatigue are in our everyday lives as we work for a better future. Christians should pray and have unity in the work place in order to build a stronger nation with good morals. Reference Paulus, Ioannes PP. II (1981). Laborem exercens. Retrieved from vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091981_laborem-exercens_en.html

How to Write in APA Style

How to Write in APA Style On this episode, we discuss how to write and format a paper in APA style, which is most commonly used in scientific writing and social sciences writing in subjects like criminology, anthropology, and psychology.Specifically, we address the following topics:What is APA style?Why do we use APA style?What are the basic formatting rules? For example, it should be written in 12-point font, be double spaced, and have 1-inch margins all around.What are some APA abbreviation rules? For example, do not put periods in between letters of abbreviations unless its a Latin abbreviation or the words U.S. or U.K.How should I use charts and graphs in APA style? For example, text within charts and figures must be Sans Serif and be between 8 to 14-point font in size.What should my title page look like? For example, it should include the papers title, authors name, and institutions name centered and in title case.What is an abstract and what should it look like? For example, the Abstract paragraph is in 12-point font and is double spaced.What should in-text citations look like? For example, in-text citations should include the authors last name followed by the year of publication.How should the references page be formatted? For example, References should be centered at the top, without bold, italics, or underlining.

Actual Yield Definition (Chemistry)

Actual Yield Definition (Chemistry) Actual Yield Definition The actual yield is the quantity of a product that is obtained from a chemical reaction. In contrast, the calculated or theoretical yield  is the amount of product that could be obtained from a reaction if all of the reactant converted to product. Theoretical yield is based on the limiting reactant. Common Misspelling: actual yeild Why Is Actual Yield Different from Theoretical Yield? Usually, the actual yield is lower than the theoretical yield because few reactions truly proceed to completion (i.e., arent 100% efficient) or because not all of the product in a reaction is recovered. For example, if you are recovering a product that is a precipitate, you may lose some product if it doesnt completely fall out of solution. If you filter the solution through filter paper, some product may remain on the filter or make its way through the mesh and wash away. If you rinse the product, a small amount of it may be lost from dissolving in the solvent, even if the product is insoluble in that solvent. Its also possible for the actual yield to be more than the theoretical yield. This tends to occur most often if solvent is still present in the product (incomplete drying), from error weighing the product, or perhaps because an unaccounted substance in the reaction acted as a catalyst or also led to product formation. Another reason for higher yield is that the product is impure, due to the presence of another substance besides the solvent. Actual Yield and Percent Yield The relationship between actual yield and theoretical yield is used to calculate percent yield: percent yields actual yield / theoretical yield x 100%

Housing in UK Master Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Major Causes of Rising House Prices in the UK - Research Paper Example Over the last thirty years, the housing prices in the UK have increased in real terms by nearly three per cent a year. This is in contrast to other countries like France, Sweden and Germany where real estate prices have remained broadly constant or even declined. The determination of prices in local and regional housing markets is a classic example of microeconomics in action. Each housing transaction in the UK depends on the price the seller is willing to sell his property and on the price the buyer is able to pay for it. Buyers place offers for a property that the seller can either accept or reject. When the market demand for properties in a particular area is high and when there is a shortage of quality properties (i.e. supply is scarce) then the seller has the upper hand. This is because there is likely to be excess demand in the market for good properties. Sellers can wait for offers on their property to reach (or exceed) their minimum selling price. Often multiple offers fuel an increase over and above the asking price. When demand both for new and older housing is weak and when there is a glut of properties available on the market, then the power switches to potential buyers. They have a much wider choice of housing available and they should be able to negotiate a price that is lower than the asking price.  When the demand for houses in a particular area increases due to say, an increase in population into the area, or a rise in incomes due to job growth etc., there is upward pressure on market prices.  

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example The chapter focuses on the post-menopausal syndromes and myths. The chapter also deals with the concepts of rape and its causes, the causes and tendency for child molestation and reason for impotency. The rate of sexual desire in men and women and the myth regarding it is also cured and discussed. The name of the chapter suggests that the chapter is an explicit delineation of sexual tendencies and various problems, myths and irregularities attached with it. The chapter focuses on the myth regarding the loss of sexuality or desire in women during their menopausal phase. It also delineates with the myths regarding the major sexual desire in men than women and that rape is the resultant phenomena for some men having strong sexual urge. The myth regarding the psychological domination and importance regarding the concept of impotency and that the exceptional case is those of the old man who do not face it at all as it is evident in them. The concepts and myths regarding child molestation that most of them falls prey in the hands of older men are also discussed thoroughly and properly. The chapter undoubtedly cures many narrow and parochial thoughts regarding the sexualities of older men. The very normal and the subtle relations that appear as a transition in the relationships prevailing amid men and women is discussed explicitly which acts as an eye-opener for any reader unknown to all these delicacies of relationship. The common tendency of people misinterpreting and misunderstanding the reasons associated with rape and child molestation also widens our perspective regarding sexual subtleties. The ideas regarding impotency and the knowledge that allows an individual to accept the limitation called impotency is a milestone for the general thought and perception regarding sexual life. The chapter unfolds many unknown avenues pertaining to human relations based on the realm of sexuality. It throws light on the dark abbeys of narrow thoughts

Diversity Consciousnesses development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diversity Consciousnesses development - Essay Example In the past, there has been a high level of exclusion in the work force. Such exclusion has been defined by discrimination by some minority groups as well as women in the work place. Minority groups in the United States exhibit racial differences from the mainstream population comprising of the white Americans (Dayer-Berenson, 2010). After immense research concerning diversity, it has emerged that it can be a source of a high level of creativity as well as innovation. Such realization has compelled and motivated American organizations to view diversity in a positive way. Many organizations are struggling to embrace diversity and utilize the potential of diversity in a bid to register growth in their organizations. As Americans become more accommodating of the minority groups, and as civil right movements place emphasis on the need for inclusion, a salient need for diversity consciousness has emerged. This paper will analyze diversity practices evident at the union county college as the focus organization in this study. Moreover, the paper will analyze the findings from two other organizations considering whether they have embraced diversity and whether the employers exhibit diversity consciousness. It is critical to understand the theories and perspectives that define the workforce diversity. With an increasing emphasis on the need for employers to develop diversity consciousness during the hiring process, there is a need to understand the relevant diversity practices that exhibit the presence of diversity consciousness. Evidently, the American workforce comprises of individuals from different backgrounds and personalities. Organizations that have embraced diversity usually benefit from such efforts as a diverse workforce exhibits more core competencies. In a bid to evaluate the modern theories that govern the workforce diversity, it is critical to consider the practices of a specified organization and evaluate the views of the employers concerning the issue

SUPPLY AND DEMAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUPPLY AND DEMAND - Essay Example after awhile, as the market continues to flood with milk suppliers seeking to take chance of the soaring demand, competition among the suppliers will result in customer retention strategies such as lowered prices and better quality product. The overall supply and demand, however, will remain stable in line with this medical research finding. This is assuming that another cheaper alternative to milk, that is equally beneficial to the health of bones, is not touted by such scientific studies. Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a transmissible, generative, deadly and slowly progressive disease of cows which is caused by a prion that can also cause brain and CNS diseases in humans who consume products and milk from these unhealthy cows. The causative agent is not removable by heating or thorough cooking and therefore in case of an outbreak of the mad cow disease, the demand and sales of local milk will take a considerable tumble (with the demand curve shifting to the left). The weak and meager supplies come from the fact of reduced productivity of sick cows and health inspection regulations. The weak demand will result in very low prices of the commodity. This is because the disease is known to progress slowly and therefore in an outbreak situation the consumer will treat with great skepticism even those who claim their cows are healthy. Assuming a trusted and health approved foreign supplier comes in with their milk; such milk will be sold at very high prices (because of scarcity of the product and other costs such as transport) (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2003). Their product will be on high demand thus raising the need for higher supplies of the foreign brand. There will equally be increased demand and supply for milk substitutes such as almond milk which will also portend higher prices for the substitute commodities. Almond milk is a common cow (dairy) milk substitute obtained from almond. If the price of almond decreases, the consumers will go for

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example This statement can be limited to just the expression of an emotion about something of interest to the author, or it can be the expression of a specific social topic that someone feels is important. A good example of art is the cave paintings that primitive man made (Getlein 5). The reason this is art to me is because someone is capturing the event of hunting as they saw it. They are recording something about their everyday life and it is on the cave for anyone to see. These paintings have been seen by many different people over many years. In one sense, this art has lasted through time. Stonehenge (Getlein 6) is also a fascinating aspect of art because it is similar to architecture . It is much like the Pyramids because people are wondering how these were built and why. Stonehenge makes people think and wonder about who put these stones together and why. This is another essential part of art in my opinion: It must make people think and wonder why the artist created this piece. I thin k that art must make people feel something, even if it is something small. In the example of the cave paintings, I wonder why these hunters thought it was important to make the drawings. Were they bragging about the hunt that day? Were they counting their hunts? Only they would know. Stonehenge makes me wonder about why these stones were dragged to this particular spot and arranged in the way they are arranged. It is interesting to me that the book said that this was a graveyard and that it marked about 240 graves (Getlein 6); this is much like our cemeteries today. Many people go to our graveyards and do etchings of the older gravestones because they consider it art. When I pick art myself, I look for symmetry and the way it feels to me. Some pieces of art speak to me differently than others. As an example, I may pick a piece of art for my wall that has vibrant colors that are symmetrically placed in a abstract form. I also have picked pieces because they look interesting or becaus e the scene describes something that is interesting to me. I cannot say that I like the kind of art that the Masters created. I am not sure why, but I think it is because it is usually of some scene, people or subjects that I find uninteresting. I can say that I like some of Picasso’s work because it was very strange and it does make a person wonder why he did what he did. Was the fractured way that he looked at this the way that he saw the world? I do believe that anything can be art. The unfortunate issue is that there are art critics who decide what art is and what art is not. I think that everyone becomes an art critic when they look at a piece of art and they do not need others to define what art is for them. In other words, there are so many different ways that art can be interpreted, that it seems a shame that art critics are allowed to define art. I enjoy looking at art and I hope that this class will bring me more knowledge about what I am looking at on a deeper leve l than I have seen in the past. Essay 2: Discuss Two-Dimensional Media. Give example of artist, media and a piece that appeals to you. The book describes two-dimensional art as something very simple and easy to read. The media can be anything from drawing with pencil and ink on paper to creating images on clay or the cave wall. The book mentions many media that include graphite, metalpoint, charcoal, pastels and more. I have seen many artists pencil drawing (graphite) which creates an interesting effect when the artist uses shading and contrast in their drawing. I think metalpoint provides a beautiful array of interesting and eye-catching symmetrical shapes. I can understand why most people do not use this method

We Googled You Case Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

We Googled You Case Assignment - Essay Example acquire the high ended rich clients in the three main cities in the China where people are known to be rich enough to purchase their designer products. This can only be achieved through finding ways to penetrate the Chinese market and be accepted by the Chinese people in order to excel. The goals and objectives of the company are clear and they all point towards the direction of infiltrating Chinese market and establishing their products there. The only way it can accomplish this goal and the ones mentioned above is by having a team of experts on Chinese culture and their business market in order to smooth the way for their entry as well as help in establishing the best strategic locations to set up their stores in the three suggested Chinese cities. The main issue that has raised questions and needs a decision and a quick one for that matter is on the matter of Mimi and her information on the internet. Mimi is a very qualified team member for the Chinese market entry and her input is highly necessary if the takeover is to be without hitches as her experience of China together with her Chinese education can come in handy. The only problem is that eight years ago, Mimi was involved in non-violent demonstrations between the Chinese and the American government and this information was uploaded on Google and was found by the Human Resource Manager. The first alternative is for Fred who is the CEO and the HR manager to call Mimi back and ask her to explain about the information on Google in order to get clarification. The other alternative is for them to assume the whole issue as it happened eight years ago and sweep it under the rag and still hire Mimi for the position in the China team. Lastly, they can regard the matter heavily and not hire Mimi as it will bring bad publicity to the company since anybody can find the information online and it can lead to them losing their business in the long run or affect market relations especially with the Chinese. I

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example This statement can be limited to just the expression of an emotion about something of interest to the author, or it can be the expression of a specific social topic that someone feels is important. A good example of art is the cave paintings that primitive man made (Getlein 5). The reason this is art to me is because someone is capturing the event of hunting as they saw it. They are recording something about their everyday life and it is on the cave for anyone to see. These paintings have been seen by many different people over many years. In one sense, this art has lasted through time. Stonehenge (Getlein 6) is also a fascinating aspect of art because it is similar to architecture . It is much like the Pyramids because people are wondering how these were built and why. Stonehenge makes people think and wonder about who put these stones together and why. This is another essential part of art in my opinion: It must make people think and wonder why the artist created this piece. I thin k that art must make people feel something, even if it is something small. In the example of the cave paintings, I wonder why these hunters thought it was important to make the drawings. Were they bragging about the hunt that day? Were they counting their hunts? Only they would know. Stonehenge makes me wonder about why these stones were dragged to this particular spot and arranged in the way they are arranged. It is interesting to me that the book said that this was a graveyard and that it marked about 240 graves (Getlein 6); this is much like our cemeteries today. Many people go to our graveyards and do etchings of the older gravestones because they consider it art. When I pick art myself, I look for symmetry and the way it feels to me. Some pieces of art speak to me differently than others. As an example, I may pick a piece of art for my wall that has vibrant colors that are symmetrically placed in a abstract form. I also have picked pieces because they look interesting or becaus e the scene describes something that is interesting to me. I cannot say that I like the kind of art that the Masters created. I am not sure why, but I think it is because it is usually of some scene, people or subjects that I find uninteresting. I can say that I like some of Picasso’s work because it was very strange and it does make a person wonder why he did what he did. Was the fractured way that he looked at this the way that he saw the world? I do believe that anything can be art. The unfortunate issue is that there are art critics who decide what art is and what art is not. I think that everyone becomes an art critic when they look at a piece of art and they do not need others to define what art is for them. In other words, there are so many different ways that art can be interpreted, that it seems a shame that art critics are allowed to define art. I enjoy looking at art and I hope that this class will bring me more knowledge about what I am looking at on a deeper leve l than I have seen in the past. Essay 2: Discuss Two-Dimensional Media. Give example of artist, media and a piece that appeals to you. The book describes two-dimensional art as something very simple and easy to read. The media can be anything from drawing with pencil and ink on paper to creating images on clay or the cave wall. The book mentions many media that include graphite, metalpoint, charcoal, pastels and more. I have seen many artists pencil drawing (graphite) which creates an interesting effect when the artist uses shading and contrast in their drawing. I think metalpoint provides a beautiful array of interesting and eye-catching symmetrical shapes. I can understand why most people do not use this method

Technology and the changes IT Essay Example for Free

Technology and the changes IT Essay Technology and the changes it brings can have a very big effect on our lives. Which technological change has had the largest effect on life in this country? Why? Prepare at least a 350-word essay explaining the technology you have chosen and how it has affected our lives. As you write your paper, remember your essay will be scored based on how well you address the following: †¢ Develop a multi-paragraph response to the assigned topic that clearly communicates your controlling idea to the audience. †¢ Support your controlling idea with meaningful examples, reasons, and information based upon your research or readings. †¢ Organize your essay in a clear and logical manner, including an introduction, body, and conclusion. †¢ Use well-structured sentences and language that are appropriate for your audience. †¢ Edit your work to conform to the conventions of standard American English The digital divide is beginning to close. The flow of digital information – through mobile phones, text messaging, and the Internet – is now reaching the world’s masses, even in the poorest countries, bringing with it a revolution in economics, politics, and society. In my opinion, the technological innovation that has had the greatest impact on our lives in this country today would be the mobile telecommunication technology. For the last ten to fifteen years, mobile phones have changed our lives in such a way that no other technological change has before. Earlier, people used to book telephone calls in advance, had to go and use near the telephone booths, or sit beside a physical telephone instrument kept in the drawing room of a house, and attend to, or make calls stuck to a place. Now, people simply carry a 200 gram device in their pockets and can travel the world, always connected to their loved ones and business partners, no matter in whatever remote part of the world they are. (However, in certain countries, mobile coverage does

Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Itc Limited Commerce Essay

Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Itc Limited Commerce Essay Yogesh Chander Deveshwar  is the Chairman of  ITC Limited, one of the Indias largest multi-business corporations. Yogesh Chander Deveshwar was born  on 4th February 1947 in  Lahore. He completed his Bachelor Degree in  Mechanical Engineering from IIT, Delhi and Harvard business school  in 1968. He is also known as Yogi as his friends use to call him by this name. In 1968 yogi was chosen by Ajit Narain Haksar and he was the First Indian Chairman for the Company. He is working with ITC from the last 41 years and has worked in virtually every arm of ITC. He was appointed as the Board of director of the Company in 1984, between 1991 and in the year 1994 he took the charge of the Chairman and Managing Director of the Air India. On Jan 1st, 1996 he became the Chief Executive and Chairman of ITC Company. He is also the Chairman of ITCs wholly owned subsidiary, ITC InfoTech India Limited, and its subsidiaries in the UK and USA. Under leadership of Y C Deveshwar, the company has c onsolidated and strengthened its diversified businesses and hotels. Deveshwar is the man who guided ITCs successful into new growth areas including agriculture business, retail and distribution and branded FMCG goods.   On sep.3 2012 by The Central Government of India has nominated him as the director in Reserve Bank of India for four years. He worked for the confederation of Indian Industry. He was also worked for so many educational institutes like Board of Governors at the Indian School of business and even he was the former chairman of society and the Board of Governors at the Indian Institute of Management Kolkata. He also worked for the National Executive Committee of Indias Premier trade. In 2006 he was awarded by Lakshya Business Visionary award this award was given to him by the students of National Institute of Industrial Engineering Mumbai. Lakshya Business Visionary award was given him by Mr. Jayant Patil and they salutes to Y C Deveshwar to guide the nation to success through the diligence and as they were committed. Deveshwar is ranked third on the list of the Indias best CEOs between 1995 and 2011. In the Year 2001, by Ernst Young, Y C Deveshwar was awarded with the Manager Entrepreneur Award. He was also inducted to the prestigious Hall of Pride at the Indian Science Congress in January 2006 and in the year 2006 he was awarded as the Business Person of the Year Award by the UK Trade Investment. In the year 2007 he was awarded by the Sustainability Leadership Award. Mr. Deveshwar had also been honoured with the Global Leadership Award by the US Chamber of Commerce. In 2011 Government of India Awarded him by Padma Bhushan award one of the highest civilian award for contributed his service of a high order to the nation. Strategic leadership refers to a managerial potential which express a strategic vision for the growth of organization and to motivate the employees to acquire the vision. Strategic leader creates organizational structure that is focused towards the business which allocates resources that understand business goals and objectives to express strategic vision which is a set of the organizational vision. Strategic Leadership ia a leadership which provides the vision and direction for the growth and success of any organization. As change has become repeatability in organizations, all employees need the skills and tools for strategy implementation. Being a strategic leader, he requires the capability to understand business priorities and their long term and short term goals. Leadership better equipped to not only thinks more incisively about future competitive advantage, but your organization will have greater strategic focus at every level, beginning with the top management team.-Gerald L. Kiser, president CEO The  process  of  using  well considered  tactics  to communicate a vision for an  organization  or one of its  parts. Strategic leadership typically  manages, motivates and persuades  staff  to  share  that same vision, and can be an important  tool  for implementing  change  or creating  organizational structure  within a  business. The true meaning of strategic leadership is nothing more than the ability to anticipate, prepare, and get positioned for the future. It is the ability to mobilize and focus resources and energy on things that make a difference and will position you for success in the future. Effective strategic leadership focuses on the long term rather than solely on the short term. (The Center for Management and Organizational Effectiveness) Strategic leadership is defined as practicing existing abilities and skills and influencing others to train in new formats for new leadership models. Specifically, to obtain successful educational management within the organization.(Barron, 1995) Bernard M Bass developed a system and in this system or model he divided leadership in four different types based on the main two objectives which are task oriented and people oriented. There are some main styles of leadership which is explained below: A directive leader will always tell his colleagues and explain that what to do, how to do and when to do but he should have a good control on them then only he can make his followers to work under him. A consultative leader will always take the decision with the help of his colleagues and he will always conduct a meeting before take any decision. A participative leader The participative leader puts himself as a member of the team and discusses possible decisions with the team. He seeks consensus before coming to a decision and everyone is supposed to take ownership in the final decision. The negotiative leader employs a more political approach to leadership. He has a personal interest in his decisions and he uses incentives to entice his followers to do certain things. Situational leadership refers to when the leader or manager of an organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to influence Y C Deveshwar, being one of the prominent and effective hospitality leaders in the hospitality industry. He posses two different styles of leadership which he executes in his career to bring up the ITC group in different sectors with new ideas. Y C Deveshwar, being one of the effective leader , he practices participative leadership style in which he considers the ideas and views of his colleagues and then only he use to takes the decision. In this style of leadership all the BODs will seat together and then only they will take the decision for the company future. All the BODs has to share their views and ideas and on the base of that only they will take the correct decision. Y C Deveshwar always seat with these people and he will also discuss his views and ideas which enthusiastically increases the morale of the employees working under him. Before make any decision he will always ask his subordinates and then only he will come to the decision. He always use to ask his company members to take participate in the meetings and share their ideas or views which they can apply in the company. Even though, the sharing of such ideas and views always helps the company to come up with many innovative ideas and this practices always be nefit the company in a very beneficial way. He preferably want his all Board of Directors should be present in all company meetings, so that they all can sit together and figure out the possible decisions which will benefit the company with maximum profits with minimal loss and also helps to achieve the company objectives. Y C Deveshwar also executes another leadership style which is being a Delegative Leader in which he concentrates only on decision making, and allows his subordinates to take their own course of action. He always gathers his team to discuss possible decisions that could be adopted and help the company to expand and even give high profits. In todays world, ITC has more than 15 products in the market and it is very difficult to handle all the different sectors of the ITC products. Being having Delegative leadership qualities, Y C Deveshwar has divided the different sectors to different managers who will take the decision on monthly basis and they have to inform the steps which they are going to take for company benefits. Y C Deveshwar is a strategic leader. He has some leadership qualities which made him a strategic leader. Strategic leadership is all about the leading, guiding and innovate the new ideas. Strategic leadership is all about leading, influencing and guiding the organising team members to think strategically about their own duties and responsibilities which require the potential to comprehend the work place and environment. It requires potentiality to look at the wider picture which has a vast perspective and they dont need skills in their narrow specialty but they have a good working knowledge and experience about the things that are organizational importance. Adapting strategy to a changing business requirement is must if the organisation wants to remain valuable to the business. The process which assess the leadership talent to lead the change which enables the business to meet its objectives which changes the adaptability of the organisation. Strategic leaders must have zeal to work accordingly which goes beyond money and power and also the investment in their people to motivate them, to achieve the goals of the organisation with determination. Strategic leaders are able to plan and execute a range of possibilities of several stages ahead for the development of the organisation. For a Hospitality Leader, there must be a equalised focus to understand the function which provides the value towards the organization. At the time he joined the ITC Company, it was facing a very bad time. He came and started expanding the business and they entered into the hospitality industry till that company was only in the Tobacco business but at the time Y C Deveshwar entered into company it became the multi-business company. He takes the company to the so many new other business which increased the sale of the company and company has shown a good growth in all the areas ex: Agriculture business, retail business and distribution of branded FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods). As we said he has good creative mind so he used that in the company applied his strategic ideas and because of that today ITC is most valuable Business in India. In 1991there were two major turning points: the company appointed him as the chairman of ITCs Indian Tobacco Division and Indian Leaf Tobacco Development Division; the government handpicked him to be the Chairman and Managing Director of Air India. Y C Deveshwar was not successful in turning around the declining fortunes of the national carrier; he tried to push forward the idea of merging Indian Airlines and Air-India and then privatizing them as a joint entity. Partly the problem lay in the way the groups top management was structured. At the time Y C Deveshwar joined the ITC group, the main income source was only Tobacco Company and the Board of Directors was directly responsible to take decisions. Y C Deveshwar reduces the number from executive team and board became the management arm of company and all the decision started taking by the responsible executives of the different market products. A leader always creates big demands on people. A good leader is always responsible for the vision and goals of an organisation. Unless and until the leader is strong enough the organisation will not survive. So it is very important for the leader to get self-motivated in all the situations. He should be enthusiastic and should feel responsible in the work he does. T hey should always be aware of serving his organisation and also the employees. When Y C Deveshwar joined the ITC group that time ITC is mainly known only for the tobacco products but he joined and he start investing in other business because of him today ITC has more than 15 products and he is only that person who started ITC hotels. I conclude with a brief review of a leader and his qualities and his characteristics. This essay explains that for a smooth and safe running of business a strategic leader is the most important, effective and responsible person where he has to lead his team towards to achieve the organisational goal. A leader has to always build good relation with his all employees and company members; a leader has to satisfy their basic needs that they can work more effectively in the business. This literature also sought out the styles of a leader. It is also important that the organisation should follow the hierarchy in an organisation. Always the top level management should implement their strategies on middle level management and the middle level management should make sure that the strategies given by the top level management are being targeted by low level management. This essay also explains about Mr. Y C Deveshwar history, education, achievements, awards and the different ideas or his views which he contributed within the working in hospitality industry, his different styles, his successful moments, his hard work and his challenges and how did he solve out the challenges successfully. The way which he used to face the different challenges where there was staff turn was very qualitative. Y C Deveshwar always uses to motivate his employees that they can help organisation to achieve the goals. In The end I concluded that Mr. Y C Deveshwar is a successful leader for ITC organisation and he was awarded by the best entrepreneur in the hospitality sector. He is also planning to expand ITC Company in coming years and they are already ready to launch their hotel in Sri Lanka and Nepal. References Management Study Guide: Strategic Leadership Definition and Qualities of a Strategic Leader Strategic Actions: Strategic Leadership. http://www.itcportal.com/about-itc/itc-leadership/board-of-directors.aspx www.wikipedia.com http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership.htm http://article.wn.com/view/2012/09/05/Y_C_Deveshwar_nominated_as_director_on_RBIs_Central_Board http://www.eauc.org.uk/image_uploads/logo_large.jpg Module Strategic Leadership in Hospitality Tourism management Assignment Topic Crisis Leadership B3150 Submitted By 12009871 Module Co-ordinator: Mrs. Gayathri Desai Mrs. Jayapradha K. Word count-2151 The word crisis has originates from the Greek word Krisis which means judgment, choices or decisions. It appears that three elements must be present: a triggering event causing significant change or having the potential to cause significant change; the perceived inability to cope with this change; and a threat to the existence of organizations (Keown-McMullan, 1997) as well as of tourists and members of the tourism industry (Henderson, 2006). Every crisis is unique displaying a remarkable range and variety (Henderson, 2006), yet characteristics generally cited include unexpectedness, urgency and danger (Hermann, 1972). Tourism crises usually share these attributes although certain crisis situations can be predicted and lack  immediacy. Crisis Management is the management and coordination of your institutions responses to an incident that threatens to harm, or has harmed, your institutions people, structures, ability to operate, valuables and/or reputation. It takes into account you r planning and automatic incident response, but must also dynamically deal with situations as they unfold, often in unpredictable ways. Crisis is not a pathological state; it may occur to anyone at any stage in his or her life span. (Golan, 1978). A crisis is any situation that has the potential to affect long term confidence in an organisation or a product, or which may interfere with its ability to continue operating normally.(Pauchant and Mitroff). Crisis can be defined and situation which can affects the whole organisation and as well as the employees of organisation. Crisis can also be described as an unexpected event leading to major unrest amongst the individuals at the work place. Crisis is a sequence of un expected events which can be harmful for an organisation. Crisis can affect the whole organisation as well as individuals. Organization crisis is a low-probability, high-impact event that threatens the viability of the organization and is characterized by cause, effect as well as by a belief that decisions must be made swiftly. (Pearson and Clair, 1998). Crisis Management is the art of dealing with the unexpected events which can affects the employees, whole business as well as client refers to crisis management. Crisis management  is the process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public. Crisis management can be defined as a process of handling unexpected changes in the organization culture. There is a vital need of knowing the importance of CMP in the organisation which will directly help the employees to understand as well as to cooperate with the organisation at the time of crisis or after the crisis. Having an effective CMP, it helps the manager to make the strategies to come out of certain conditions and helps to decide for the future execution of plans. Crisis management also includes the processes which helps the managers and even thou staff also to understand the unexpected events. Crisis management will helps the staff to take the eff ective action. Types of crises Natural crises Natural crisis is a disaster which occurs without any prior information to any place in the whole world. Natural crisis is further been explained in many manners like earthquakes, landslides, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, floods. Many of the people in the world consider natural crisis as Act Of God. For Example: Earthquake in Indian Ocean with a magnitude of 9.2 at Richter scale on 26 December 2004 which resulted in Tsunami. Technological crises Technological crises are caused by human application of science and technology. Technological accidents inevitably occur when technology becomes complex and coupled and something goes wrong in the system as a whole. Technology failure is something related with power blackouts, computer irregularities, aircraft crashes and even sometimes the nuclear meltdown. Some technological crises occur when human error causes disruptions. When an accident creates significant environmental damage, the crisis is categorized as  mega damage.  Samples include software failures, industrial accidents, and oil spills. For example: Northern Grid Power blackout in almost 22 states of India out of 29 which vitally affected the daily practices of the people living. This technological crisis effected in many places as for travelling, banking services as well as hotel industry too in context with reservations and other inter departmental operations. Terrorist attacks/man-made disasters Terrorist attack is manmade disaster which means it has threats of human body. It involves negligence, an element of human intent and failure of human system and its results can huge loss of life, wealth and buildings and even it also affects the mentality of a person. Recession in 2008-09:- The 2008-2009 recession hit every industry around the world very hard. One of the most affected industries, however, was the hospitality and restaurant industry. Before the recession, oil prices were at all-time high, and hotels and travel companies had already started to see a significant decrease in travel and tourism. The industry which got affected mainly because of recession is of accommodation, traveling and hotel industry. As we do know that the income of many families goes down badly during recession. Some families even lost all sources of income too, which created panic and turmoil in their life. This is why people are saving on traveling and staying back in their home only. This is affecting the hotel industry badly. Not only the family visitors, but hotel industries are also losing their business travelers too. These days companies prefer video conferencing for meeting rather than going overseas for meeting. All these situations caused panic in the h otel industry and they took some instant measures like slashing the rates, increasing marketing costs, and promoting their websites. Some of the hotels are lucky enough to get the support from the government too, but those hotels were very few and they not only survived the recession but came over it very soon. Overall hotel industry is suffering from the recession and I hope very soon they can heal over it. Terrorist Attack:- It is a manmade disaster which results can be a heavy loss of life and which can affects the life of staff as well as guest also. The terrorist attack happened on the Taj Hotel Mumbai on 9/11. They want to create same environment like Marriott attack which happened in Karachi. The person who was there behind Mumbai attack they planned to create an unsecured environment and them wants to reduce the economic strength. Security  would obviously be the most important element of this disaster management plan and guests at five-star hotels should expect to be checked along with their baggages. The way luggage is scanned through x-ray machines in airports, it should be also done in hotels. The screening should start at the very entrance where minimum damage can be done. All the hotels need to have a proper security system and even they should have a good security team that they can immediately take the decision and the team should be always ready to handle this type of situation because at the time of this type of situation if they will call the security team from outside it will take long time till that time they can damage lots of things. All the hotels should make sure that the security especially at entry gate needs to be more strong so that this thing wont be happen again in future. Security systems should be updated by the latest machines and technology. Tsunami and Earthquake: These are the natural disasters which appear without any prior information the last crisis which affects the whole South India was Tsunami in Indian Ocean in year 2004 and because of this crisis there was a lot of wealth, life loss and even buildings were also damaged. This Tsunami has affected all the hotels and all the coastal areas in South India. Indian south-east coastal region looked very normal on December 26, 2004 but as the day started unfolding, tremors were felt in Tamil Nadus capital Chennai and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Then the tsunamis came which engulfed the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the coastline of Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal. Though Orissa and West Bengal recorded minimal or no loss to property and human life, the other regions reported substantial devastation. The hospitality industry in two partly affected Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, suffered due to rumors, fu elled by the panic about incoming tidal waves. But now the Indian Govt. is already set to fight with the Tsunami and The Indian Govt. has pledged $30 million to develop a tsunami early warning system to prevent such a large loss of life. There are some steps which an organisation can take to avoid the much loss at the time of when crisis occurs these are also known as pre- crisis pan or post crisis plan. Here I am going to explain some plans which we can take and it is basis on all the three crisis which I have written above which is recession, manmade and natural disaster. As a leader considering recession which is an economy disaster because of that so many people lost their jobs and even the some organisation also has been shut down as a hospitality leader the steps which I will take is that an organisation should have the enough money power that at the time of recession they can pay the salary to staff and even in this situation also they can run their business easily. Being one of the hospitality leader I will make sure that organisation should not get affected and even the staff also should not leave their jobs. Earthquake is a natural disaster and its results can be loss of life and even it can affect the whole business also it can damage the whole building also. So as a leader the pre steps which I will take is that we have to train our staff that when the situation will come they can make a proper plan and help others also and even the staff which is working in organisation they should have proper communication with each other. Terrorist attack is a manmade disaster which can damage the whole organisation and even a heavy loss of life also so for that we have to take some steps in advance that we can save the life of human and not even staff we have to save the guest also as a attack happened on the Taj, Mumbai on 26th Nov. 2008 where so many lost their life. So for this issue first of all we should have a proper security system and through that only all the staffs have to go not only the guest even the staff also. All the hotels should have CCTV cameras on all the floors that they can see the activities which are happening there and even at the time of check in they should have taken the copy of their identity proof. Post crisis plan for all the crisis which is mentioned above is that the organisation should have the proper plans and all the businesses should have enough money power also that they can easily come out from the situation and again they can again come back to the track and run the business smoothly because if they wont able to recover from all these situation then might be they have to close the business also. As a leader the main important thing is that we have to take the steps through which business can easily come out from the crisis and we have to take and even they have to make a proper crisis management plan also. (Major Suresh Goel, 2002) Crisis is a disaster which occurs without any prior information and its results can be a damage of building, life or lives also. It can effect a whole organisation or departments of organisation. Crisis can be natural which includes (earthquake, Cyclones and landslides) and man-made which includes (Terrorist Attack, strikes, sabotages). Crisis leadership is a style which can help an organisation to save the whole organisation or can help to save the lives in organisation for that they have to make a crisis management plan in the organisation. This essay has given a brief introduction about the crisis, types of crisis, how a crisis can occurs and how to make a plan to save the lives in organisation. In this essay some points has given which can help an organisation to make some pre crisis plan or some post crisis plan. In pre-crisis plans we have to make some plans which we can apply in the future or whenever the crisis will going to affect the business it will be more beneficial for organisation at the time of crisis. So, in the last, I like to conclude that every organisation should create the crisis management plans which can help them in the future and it will help them to save the lives of person working in business or organisation.