Free Essays on Jan Phillips Vs Ice Cream Market

Haagen-Dazs, one the universes most famous super frozen yogurt mixes was made by Reuben Mattus, in the wake of working in his mother’s dessert shop. He built up a taste and energy for making fine and rich frozen yogurts. Promising the best and most perfect taste, Mattus utilized just the best elements for his frozen yogurts. Haagen-Dazs started with only three flavors†¦vanilla, chocolate, and espresso. The frozen yogurt started being circulated in New York City and immediately spread all through the United States. After all of Mattus’s difficult work, Haagen-Dazs is presently world eminence, with numerous flavors and developing in clients consistently. Haagen-Dazs has made more than $900 million in deals since 1991. Be that as it may, as the years have passed by, new dessert organizations have started to rival Haagen-Dazs making the frozen yogurt showcase amazingly serious. Starbucks and TCBY are two of the more grounded contenders. Purchasers in the previous 5 years have become progressively fat cognizant, and this sort of progress definately influences the â€Å"junk food† showcase. With the extraordinary failure yogurts and desserts available, it’s not the inquiry who makes the low fat frozen yogurt. It’s become a market of who has the best tasting low fat/no fat cold treats. With the entirety of the low fat rivalry available, Jan Phillips has thought of a conusmer drawing thought. Low fat sorbets that have that premium Haggen-Dazs flavor, low calories and low fat. The ideal thought for the buyer that is weight cognizant or eating less junk food. She has just one concern however. Sweet â€Å"junkies† are attracted to the rich and thick surface and kind of conventional frozen yogurt. Sorbets and Sorbettos frequently have less milk than sherbets and frozen yogurts. Phillips thought might want to advance colorful flavors like strawberry, kiwi, and mango. Of course, customers don’t ache for fruity tastes when considering solidified treats, for example, frozen yogurt. Jan Phillips has a critical choice to make. Haagen-Dazs was based on informal exchange advertisi... Free Essays on Jan Phillips Vs Ice Cream Market Free Essays on Jan Phillips Vs Ice Cream Market Haagen-Dazs, one the universes most famous super frozen yogurt mixes was made by Reuben Mattus, subsequent to working in his mother’s dessert shop. He built up a taste and energy for making fine and rich frozen yogurts. Promising the best and most perfect taste, Mattus utilized just the best elements for his frozen yogurts. Haagen-Dazs started with only three flavors†¦vanilla, chocolate, and espresso. The frozen yogurt started being dispersed in New York City and immediately spread all through the United States. After all of Mattus’s difficult work, Haagen-Dazs is presently world fame, with numerous flavors and developing in clients consistently. Haagen-Dazs has made more than $900 million in deals since 1991. In any case, as the years have passed by, new frozen yogurt organizations have started to rival Haagen-Dazs making the dessert advertise incredibly serious. Starbucks and TCBY are two of the more grounded contenders. Shoppers in the previous 5 years have become progressively fat cognizant, and this kind of progress definately influences the â€Å"junk food† showcase. With the extraordinary failure yogurts and frozen yogurts available, it’s not the inquiry who makes the low fat dessert. It’s become a market of who has the best tasting low fat/no fat frosty treats. With the entirety of the low fat rivalry available, Jan Phillips has thought of a conusmer drawing thought. Low fat sorbets that have that premium Haggen-Dazs flavor, low calories and low fat. The ideal thought for the buyer that is weight cognizant or eating less junk food. She has just one concern however. Sweet â€Å"junkies† are attracted to the rich and thick surface and kind of customary frozen yogurt. Sorbets and Sorbettos regularly have less milk than sherbets and frozen yogurts. Phillips thought might want to advance colorful flavors like strawberry, kiwi, and mango. On the other hand, purchasers don’t hunger for fruity tastes when considering solidified treats, for example, frozen yogurt. Jan Phillips has a major choice to make. Haagen-Dazs was based on informal exchange advertisi...

PEST Analysis Of AirAsias Essay

1.1Background AirAsia was set up by Dato’ Tony Fernandes in 2001. In December 2001, Fernandes and his accomplices set up Tune Air Sdn Bhd (Tune Air), an aircraft holding organization at that point purchased over AirAsia. Presently, AirAsia has gotten one of the best carriers in the Southeast Asian area and the pioneer of minimal effort and nitty gritty travel in Malaysia. The main low passage aircraft in the Asia †AirAsia has been extending quickly since 2001, to turn into an honor winning and the biggest minimal effort bearer in Asia. With an armada of 72 airplanes, AirAsia flies to more than 61 local and worldwide goals with 108 courses, and works more than 400 flights day by day from center points situated in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Until this point in time, AirAsia has flown more than 55 million visitors over the district and keeps on spreading its wings to make increasingly broad course organize through its partner organizations, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia. AirAsia has faith in the no nonsense, bother free, low passage business idea and feels that minimizing expenses requires high effectiveness in all aspects of the business. Proficiency makes reserve funds which are then given to visitors so moderate air travel can turn into a reality. Through our way of thinking of ‘Now Everyone Can Fly’, AirAsia has started an upset in air travel with an ever increasing number of individuals around the district picking AirAsia as their favored decision of transport. As AirAsia consistently endeavors to advance air travel, we additionally try to make fervor among our visitors with our scope of inventive and customized administration. The point of the examination The point of this examination is to direct a PEST and SWOT investigation with regards to AirAsia’s global business tasks, distinguishing the significant factors included and the effect of the particular dangers and openings defied via AirAsia .Besides that, The motivation behind this report is to recognize its partners and center capabilities, complete an examination of its outside condition, audit a key investigation of Airasia to distinguish openings and dangers it may confront, and to detach key qualities and any shortcomings that need managing. Besides a SWOT investigation will be done to evaluate the degree to which its methodologies are appropriate to what's going on in its current condition. At last, afterâ identifying serious procedure a Strategic arrangement will be made to increase upper hand. Part 2 Conversation 2.1 Company Overview AirAsia is right now one of the main ease aircrafts in South East Asia which has extended quickly it’s still the second biggest air transporter in Malaysia. It dynamic nature of business depends on household and worldwide flights, occasion and business plans for its clients locally and globally around the area with the low toll, safe and comfort methods for transportation. (www.airasia.com). AirAsia’s vision To be the biggest minimal effort aircraft in Asia and serving the 3 billion individuals who are presently underserved with poor network and high tolls. AirAsia’s mission To be the best organization to work for whereby representatives are treated as a component of a major family Create an all around perceived ASEAN brand To achieve the most minimal expense so everybody can fly with AirAsia Maintain the greatest item, grasping innovation to diminish cost and improve administration levels AirAsia’s values AirAsia make the low toll model conceivable through the execution of the accompanying key systems: SafetyFirst: Joining forces with the world’s most prestigious support suppliers and conforming to the with world carrier activities. High Aircraft Utilization: Actualizing the areas quickest turnaround time at just 25 minutes, guaranteeing lower costs and higher profitability. Low Fare, No Frills: Giving visitors the decision of tweaking administrations without settling on quality and administrations. Smooth out Operations: Ensuring that procedures are as basic as could reasonably be expected. Lean Distribution System: Offering a wide and imaginative scope of dispersion channels to make booking and voyaging simpler. Point to Point Network: Applying the point-to-point organize keeps tasks straightforward and costs, low. Items and Services offered By Air Asia In-flight benefits: †¢ Air Asia offer food and beverages on board program . †¢ In-flight benefits redo suppers and product bundle upon demand for example tops, T-shirts, and jeans. Online administrations: †¢ Online booking makes it progressively helpful for its clients to book online anyplace whenever. †¢ Flight data is accessible to assist clients with making enquiries on flight plans appearance and takeoff time and date. †¢ Chatter â€flight: Created for a gathering of individuals, business voyagers for purposes like gatherings, shows, recreation or even display. Channels of circulation Various exchange ‘channels’ of circulation might be accessible: Selling direct: †¢ Outbound deals forcer †¢ Via mail request, Internet †¢ Telephone deals Selling circuitous: †¢ Agent, who commonly sells direct for the maker †¢ Distributor (additionally called distributer), who offers to retailers †¢ Retailer (likewise called seller or affiliate), who offers to end clients Deals and Marketing AirAsia is a worldwide organization, and going worldwide welcomes a great deal of rivalry. AirAsia needs to manage the opposition of nearby organizations in a similar field-Airline administrations. Rivalry for AirAsia would likewise be experienced in the virtual world-the web. As they went into the utilization of present day innovation, for example, the open area would welcome rivalry on the worldwide scale. Various regions and nations have distinctive innovative principles, and quality control approaches, which AirAsia would need to hold fast to, by adherence to these strategies; certain planned improvements might be conceivable in specific networks yet not worthy in others. As indicated by CEO’s of the organization, Mr. Fernandez, there are a great deal laborers or low compensation pay rates workers who might want to venture out frequently to meet their families particularly during extraordinary events yet because of how costly it was that time, their longing are not satisfied. By presenting a low toll will give every one of those individuals chance to travel if not more than once in a year. This empowers them to recognize their objective market. Scaled down cost salesâ is one of the nuts and bolts of making sure about an objective market for AirAsia. They diminish their cost to suit their class of clients Marking AirAsia went into concentrated General ads and other prominent exercises, which added to the high contribution of their company’s picture. They accompanied a brand â€Å" Now every one can fly† These purposes of contact with their objective client help them to manufacture their picture, which thus made faithfulness from their clients. Gathering Discounts and Offers Limits or different offers can help introduction business to new clients, bringing about a business increment . AirAsia is a ticketless Airline that permits clients to buy their ticket online with at a limited rate. They likewise have a plan of gathering rebate and this assistance to get more objective market, particularly web based clients. 2.2Core abilities: PC Reservation System (CRS) AirAsia’s CRS (Open Skies by Navitaire) has helped it to develop at a sensational pace in the recent years. Tony Fernandes, CEO AirAsia portrayed that Navitaire’s Open Skies innovation has genuinely empowered Airasia’s development from 2 million travelers to 7.7 million travelers in under two years. Open Skies scaled effectively to suit our development. It is an incorporated online reservation and stock framework. It incorporates Internet, call focus, air terminal flight control and that's only the tip of the iceberg. It is an immediate deals motor that successfully kills the mediator (trip specialists) and the business commissions that should be paid to them. Endeavor Resource Planning System (ERP) AirAsia has as of late (May 2005) settled on an undeniable ERP framework actualized by Avanade specialists. By actualizing this bundle AirAsia is looking to effectively keep up process honesty, diminish money related month-end shutting preparing times, and accelerate detailing and information recovery forms. Self Check In With the utilization of the enhanced self check in administration a faster and increasingly advantageous approach to check in utilizing cell phones, workstations and so on, interfacing with the web. This framework is simpler and quicker for clients and their family toâ check in at or before they get to the air terminal without queueing up at the counter to check in. Air Asia charge card Air Asia offers a decision of charge card offices to fit in their clients travel way of life be it business, recreation, preparing or occasions. With an Air Asia Visa a client can buy any merchandise or administrations while voyaging anyplace on the planet on the web. Go Holiday administrations Air Asia has an item called Go Holiday, with the assistance of E-trade Air Asia can show their inclusion maps, occasion resorts, first and normal class lodgings, vehicle rental administrations, and exercises in various nations with their various rates and costs on Air Asia’s website page.. Utilizing E-trade, clients can choose and make an occasion and travel course of action with a lodging of their decision and class, a get vehicle and even clinical administrations. Also, installments for this should be possible on the web utilizing Visas or other online E-installment techniques in front of movement time. Remote specialists and Contractors system AirAsia likewise target most remote laborers from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, China, Macau who may not manage the cost of the costly flight home and offer them the modest passage which pulled in the greater part of them as would return home all the time without paying a lot. 2.3 The Competitors Organizations in all businesses have direc

911

Monday nineteenth October English course work Ross Kemp in Afghanistan and 9/11 narratives By Sophia Howkins Introduction:- In this paper I am going to look at the two narratives about Ross Kemp in Afghanistan and the 911 accident. Both of these narratives are connected as the two of them began in light of a similar explanation. They depend on the genuine dramatization on the assault and life in the military. The war started on October 7, 2001; the point of intrusion was to discover Osama Bin Laden. English and the U. S military propelled in light of the 11 assaults in September, The 911 occurred on Tuesday eleventh September 2001 in the first part of the day in the United States.Genre:- The main ever narrative was made in France 1895, there was no solid or shading it was only a moving picture there was no altering utilized only a long take of a film. The word narrative originates from the word proof and practical methodology implies long takes recording life in obvious structure and developmental methodology implies altering montage (all the more stylishly satisfying). Narratives currently are progressively developmental methodology not a reasonable methodology since they have greater hardware to alter the narrative. Mock narratives have caused wariness in a crowd of people so with regards to genuine narratives the crowd don’t trust them.But most narratives depend on evident stories e. g. shooting untamed life. Narratives are believed to be instructive and exhausting to certain individuals. Ross Kemps narrative in Afghanistan is a normal narrative due to the subject war/political this narrative uses both developmental methodology and reasonable in light of the fact that it makes them altering in. Furthermore, it is a directed narrative; this narrative has casual meetings, the area of the shooting on a held hand cam, simultaneous sound account and voice over the recording. Setting:- The film called Ross Kemp in Afghanistan depends on the war happening to day, it is over the 9/11 assault on the twin towers. It has carried on over every one of these years and it began in 2001 is as yet progressing. The British army’s focus on the assault was to discover Laden. The narrative Ross Kemp in an Afghanistan was Directed by John Conroy and Anuar Arroyo (second arrangement) Produced by Matt Bennett. The two arrangement included Kemp and a little installed film team following soldiers battling in Helmand Province, reporting their part in the continuous Herrick.In the main arrangement Kemp and his group take an interest in the Vikings starting preparing in Britain for the sending. They at that point visit the unit during their half year visit, shooting the two lives very still and on battling watches in Helmand. The arrangement at last covers their arrival to the UK. In the subsequent arrangement Kemp comes back to Afghanistan to survey how the contention has changed since his first visit in 2007. During the shooting of the main arrangem ent, in one commitment the team were nailed somewhere around discharge from the Taliban, with Kemp about biting the dust with projectiles going inside inches.In recording the subsequent arrangement, Kemp runs into a potential minefield. The show was lauded for the closeness and authenticity of the fight film, and is accepted to be the main narrative of its sort shot in. Crowd:- The crowd of this narrative is youthful chaps who are choosing to join the military or who are as of now in it. The age crowd is 16 to late 30’s. Crowd has changed throughout the years since narratives utilize progressively well known subjects which are attractions a more youthful crowd. Average crowd throughout the years are principally individuals who appreciate viewing documentaries.Documentaries either teach or a side interest. Watchers may have a diversion and like to watch narratives what intrigue them or schools use them for instructive reasons. Account:- Ross Kemp in Afghanistan is about Ross K emp the columnist and storyteller doing a narrative on the war in Afghanistan. The narrative is about the officers lives in the war, how they miss their families and companions, the effect on the soldier’s families, the fighters mental/physical wellbeing and how they work out and train lastly how the Afghanistan regular folks feel about living in a war zone!This narrative is attempting to give us that military life is slightly below average. At the point when you watch the narrative it shows that we are so fortunate to have stuff which they don’t have or aren’t generally excellent e. g. a shower and bed. It likewise shows that being in the military is very terrifying on the grounds that you don’t know whether you’re going to live during that time or if you’re not going to see your family once more. This narrative is being told by Ross Kemp and his recording team, the group films it life and Ross Kemp is the storyteller. The British Army and the Taliban are engaged with the war.I think this narrative is remarkable in light of the fact that it is really instructing us and giving us what it is truly similar to in the war and it should show individuals not to exploit what they have. Portrayal:- There are a wide range of gatherings spoke to in the content the first being the British Army. The British Army in this narrative are being spoken to as solid and ready to battle for our nation. It’s no all fun and joy. The troopers are hit genuinely in view of what's going on around them. Toward the starting they felt terrified, act silly. By being in the military they change the manner in which they act and think.The warriors can’t hold on to place all there preparing vigorously in the combat area. In this narrative the military are battling for their nation and the regular people of Afghanistan. When there on watch they are grown-up and proficient yet in the narrative after their time on watch when Ross Kemp talked with them they were considering leaving the military since now they know it isn’t all fun being in the military. Their families need to save solid for their fighters. In the narrative there families were depicted to be apprehensive and on edge and faithful they don’t leave them they stay by their soldiers.The narrative had a mother met about her multi year old child who kicked the bucket on watch she was solid, crushed and troubled however she gave Ross Kemp a video of how her child passed on to go in the narrative. The regular folks in Afghanistan were set up to haggle with the British Army however they never provided for much data since they were terrified some think will transpire. The alerts for the regular citizens are that they are in a center of a fight zone. The Taliban’s were portrayed as strategic, solid well a d prepared. Media Language:- Camera shots/lighting:- I am going to discuss a scope of camera shots. Right off the bat in shot 1 the area utiliz es both developmental methodology and sensible methodology. It was a bird’s eye see shot and it demonstrated that the land was abandoned nothing was to be seen. The fundamental concentrate pretty much was focal it indicated how ground-breaking an assault rifle truly is. The incredible inclination is accentuated on the grounds that the weapon is nearest to the camera. Also, shot 3 was a nearby of Ross Kemp on the ground resting. This shot caused you to feel claustrophobic and it gives you the Idea of the closeness of the fighters and how they depend on one another a lot.Unlike shot 1 this shot doesn't utilize profound concentration as Ross Kemp is to remain the focal point of this camera shot. We are confronted with montage of shots of weapons, activity shots, preparing and bleeding edge Shot 4 was a medium since quite a while ago shot. Ross Kemp and the warriors was on the helicopter and the entryway was down the light was radiating through and Ross Kemp exited. The light was splendid and it spoke to paradise or strolling through the passage of death or as certain individuals will say strolling into the obscure in light of the fact that they don’t comprehend what will happen once they step outside the helicopter.The undertones are to this shot is that it’s like demise since they utilize the helicopter to return bodies to England. In shot 7, it the mis en scene is opposing utilizations an extraordinary close-up of a spiked metal this could have spoken to peril/keep-out or it resembled speaking to jail for the Afghanistan regular people or possibly it could be shielding them from risk. The security fencing is dull and melancholy yet there was a delightful nightfall behind the spiked metal. The lighting utilizes juxtaposition between the dimness/threat of security fencing and common magnificence of the sunlight.Costumes/Props/Sounds The outfits for this narrative where for the most part armed force uniform which is principally acceptable on t he grounds that it covers the troopers in light of the fact that the hues are beiges and earthy colors and creams as a result of the desert hues. They will be perceived by their blood classification which is sewed on to there arm of the uniform basically in such a case that they get slaughtered they can be perceived There are loads of weapons in this narrative and at whatever point they’re in shot there in focus to look all the more remarkable the weapons become the uniform.The narrative uses coordinated sound (Recording, occurring with activity) volume sounds expanded to be all the more impressive and that your there and dread the sentiments of the fighters. The yelling of the warriors stresses the bedlam. Setting:- The 9/11 narrative depended on the assault on the twin towers. The 9/11 assault were a progression of facilitated self destruction assaults by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. The location’s of the assaults were New York city Arlingto n County, Virginia and close to Shanks Ville, Pennsylvania.The kinds of assault were Aircraft capturing, Mass homicide and Suicide assault. It slaughtered 2,976 casualties and 19 ruffians and harmed 6,000. The two structures fallen inside two hours, devastating close by structures and harming others. The thieves smashed a third carrier into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, simply outside Washington, D. C. The fourth plane collided with a field close to Shanks Ville in country Pennsylvania, after a portion of its travelers and flight team endeavored to retake control of the plane, which the criminals had diverted toward Washington, D. C.There were no survivors from any of the flights. Crowd:- The crowd for this narrative is a smidgen differe

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four Free Essays

His weapon was loaded up with lead. In any case, being shot harmed. Incredibly hurt. We will compose a custom paper test on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now What's more, he shot me in the butt. How humiliating. I needed to yell, revile, cry. Rather I ran. From the start everything I could consider was escaping, so I quickened in the general course of Cuba. Be that as it may, when my skin started to recuperate the gap with the projectile still inside, I rerouted to the lodge. Drawing closer from the back, I sniffed the air and smelled only trees, heard just the breeze. Jumping onto the back patio, I envisioned myself human and out of nowhere I was. The charm lived in the pocket of Jessie’s pants back at the junkyard. Despite the fact that I didn’t seem to require it any longer, I needed the symbol back. Also, I’d get it, right when I expelled the disturbing shot from my butt. I could become accustomed to changing to and fro in a matter of moments. The absence of torment and misery was a positive in addition to. Utilizing my unexpectedly opposable thumb, I turned the door handle, slipped inside, at that point straight into the washroom. The glare of the electric light made me wince even before I saw myself in the mirror. Earth marked my face; my hair was loaded with leaves and twigs; red hot red scratches defaced my arms. Turning ungracefully, I attempted to see my injury, yet I couldn’t. The shot appeared to scratch me from the back to front. What didn’t murder me may very well make me frantic. I would need to request help, and I loathed that. I opened the restroom entryway, and howled. Nic remained on the opposite side. One look at my face and he reviled, at that point pushed his way into the room. I grabbed a towel ready to move and gripped it to my bosoms. Dumb. He’d as of now observed and contacted everything as of now. â€Å"What the hellfire happened?† Nic requested. I wasn’t sure where to begin. â€Å"I woke up and you were no more. No note. Nothing.† Nic pushed his fingers through his hair, making it remain on end, helping me to remember the coarse light bolts of our fantasy kid. I pushed the picture off of my mind. That kid wasn’t genuine, would never be genuine, and I needed to recollect that. Nic wore only fighters. Really awful I didn’t have the opportunity to appreciate his physical make-up. Blood streamed down the rear of my legs and trickled onto the floor. â€Å"What the †â€Å"? Nic yanked the towel free and spun me around. I was so stunned, I let him. â€Å"Who shot you?† â€Å"Guy in the junkyard. The proprietor, or possibly the night watchman.† â€Å"I take it you were hairy at the time,† he mumbled. â€Å"Or he and I will have a discussion.† I looked behind me and got a demeanor of such viciousness cross his face I was stunned †and somewhat enchanted. I could deal with myself †projectile in the butt despite †however it was somewhat decent for once to have another person need to take care of me. Nic saw me gazing and educated his face into the apathetic veil I’d come to despise. â€Å"You’d better get in the bath. You’re making a mess.† â€Å"Good idea.† I moved in. â€Å"What were you doing at the junkyard?† Rapidly I clarified about the call, the Edsel, the gatekeeper, and the spooky wolves. At the point when I was done, Nic gazed at me without flickering. â€Å"Ghost wolves. Are they something new?† â€Å"I’ve never knew about them. In any case, presently I know why I saw wolf shadows at Lydia’s and got the aroma of wolves when every other person swears there aren’t any. At any rate I’m not nuts.† â€Å"Just ready to see, smell, and hear things nobody else can,† he said dryly. â€Å"Do you think the vanishing bodies are connected somehow?† I thought for a moment, at that point shook my head. â€Å"The phantom wolves didn’t do much past knock against me and spread virus spots. I question they’re murdering individuals. Moreover, Sheriff Stephenson was slaughtered with a blade, at that point set apart with a human bite.† â€Å"Which implies we’ve got two issues rather than one.† â€Å"At least.† â€Å"So what’s the deal?† He waved at my backside. â€Å"I figured werewolves could recuperate damn close anything.† â€Å"We can. Inconvenience is, I’m mending quicker than expected. You’re must burrow that out.† He didn’t contend. â€Å"Got any clinical instruments?† â€Å"Not anymore.† â€Å"Oh, right. Compound go boom.† Inclining down, Nic looked at my left cheek. Interesting how a little projectile and a ton of blood dealt with any sexual enthusiasm for my exposure. Or on the other hand possibly finding my actual nature had just murdered that. â€Å"Will left a couple things,† he said. â€Å"Hold on.† He restored a couple of moments later with a little calfskin case. Inside were a few deadly looking sharp edges. â€Å"Filleting knives.† Nic started to establish around in the medication bureau covered behind the mirror over the sink. â€Å"Will must get a kick out of the chance to fish.† â€Å"What are you looking for?† â€Å"Alcohol.† I grunted. â€Å"As if I’ll get an infection.† â€Å"Humor me.† Evacuating an unmistakable container, he drenched the littlest of the blades, at that point pulled back a tweezers from the bureau and splashed that, alongside his hands. â€Å"Turn around,† he said. â€Å"No problem.† I didn’t need to watch. Nic sprinkled my butt with liquor, and I almost leaped out of the tub. â€Å"Hey! What did I say about infection?† â€Å"Can you guarantee I won’t get fuzzy in the event that I unintentionally cut myself with your blood all over me?† â€Å"I let you know. The infection is possibly gone through salivation when I’m in wolf form.† â€Å"But things can change.† He was correct. I had no clue what was befalling me. The infection could be changing, and afterward all that I knew, or thought I knew, would not be right. â€Å"Leave it,† I said. â€Å"I’ll live.† â€Å"I’m not faltering. I won’t cut myself. Moreover, you’ve got the helpful dandy antitoxin. In the event that I get tainted, you can fix me.† Really? I no longer had the recipe, and it wasn’t precisely basic enough to recall all things considered. None of them were. I hadn’t got notification from Edward since he’d left town. I was beginning to stress. If he somehow managed to vanish, alongside everything I’d designed, the world, just as me, was in a tough situation. Nic jabbed me. â€Å"Ow!† â€Å"Hold still or you’ll have a greater number of openings than you as of now do.† He punctuated his words with another poke. â€Å"I’ve nearly got it.† I gazed at the restroom tile and hung tight for him to wrap up. Inside three minutes, something pinged against the bath, at that point moved toward the channel, stopping on the steel trap. Nic got the shot. â€Å"Constantly astonishes me that something this little can accomplish such a great deal damage.† He lifted his look and in his eyes I saw numerous things. Alleviation, outrage, watchfulness, dread, and something different I couldn’t very spot before he dismissed, hurling the instruments into the sink and splashing them again with liquor. â€Å"You’d better take a shower.† His voice was remote again, and I needed to think about whether I’d seen or just envisioned the milder feelings crossing his face. I turned on the water. Regardless of whether Nic could move beyond my being a werewolf, there were such a significant number of different things about me he didn’t know and never could. â€Å"The wound’s effectively recuperated over,† he mumbled. I couldn’t see the gap, and I didn’t truly need to. Yanking the shower blind shut, I let the warmed water wash the blood from my skin. In the event that no one but it could wash the blood from my hands †or would it be a good idea for me to state paws? â€Å"You mind on the off chance that I remain while you clarify what’s going on?† he inquired. â€Å"Suit yourself.† I stuck my head under the shower. â€Å"Who called you?† â€Å"I thought it was Edward.† Presently I wasn’t so sure. â€Å"Does he have your research?† â€Å"I trust so.† â€Å"Not having it. That’s bad?† â€Å"You have no idea.† I cleaned cleanser into my hair, working the bubbles from my scalp right to the finishes. â€Å"Not just is the recipe for the antitoxin gone, however so is the equation for me.† Nic yanked back the shower blind. â€Å"What occurs, precisely, in the event that you don’t take your medication? I thought you were different.† â€Å"I am.† I pulled on the plastic. â€Å"You mind?† He glowered yet closed the drape over the pole with a yell of metal rings, and I started to flush my hair. â€Å"Werewolves can’t help however change under the full moon,† I clarified. â€Å"There’s no opposing its force. I’ve attempted to fix the change, however I’ve always been unable to.† â€Å"So on the off chance that you need to change, how are you different?† â€Å"I was never controlled by insidious †what we call the ‘demon.’ Killing individuals sickened me.† Nic had never been stupid. He heard what I wasn’t saying. â€Å"You never preferred to slaughter, however you did.† â€Å"The first time, the change is alarming, maddening.† The force is thrilling. The words murmured through my mind. Was that my idea or somebody else’s? Somebody else’s ? I probably lost an excess of blood. â€Å"The hunger,† I murmured. â€Å"I can’t portray it.† The distress in my tummy, the beating of my heartbeat, the screeching in my mind. Notwithstanding the hot warmth encompassing me, I shuddered. â€Å"You’ll successfully make the torment stop. Anything.† Quietness from the opposite side of t

Smoking Statistics From Around the World

Smoking Statistics From Around the World Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Smoking Statistics From Around the World By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on March 13, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 29, 2020 Jim Arbogast/Digital Vision/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Tobacco use has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, and, despite efforts to reverse smoking trends, the problem only seems to be getting bigger each year. While smokers know full well that cigarettes offer nothing but harm to their health, they will ignore every warning until something suddenly clicks and tells them that its time to stop. So, instead of just looking at the benefits of quitting, here are some cold, hard facts that may put the scale of the problem into perspective. The Tobacco Industry Today Around 6.5 trillion cigarettes are sold around the world each year, which translates to roughly 18 billion cigarettes per day. It is a lucrative industry and one that makes its fortunes largely off the back of the poorest people in the world, both in terms of supply and demand. Of the estimated one billion smokers in the world, 80% live in low- and middle-income countries. Of the estimated 33 million tobacco farmworkers in the industry, a substantial proportion live in the poorest communities and regions. In some of these countries, even children are forced to work in the fields to help pay the family bills. This places them and the other farmworkers at risk of green tobacco sickness, an illness caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from the handling of wet leaves. While the United States has significantly decreased its share of tobacco farming from over 180,000 farms in the 1980s to just over 10,000 today, it is still the fourth-largest producer in the world. This despite the fact that smoking-related diseases cost the U.S. more than $300 billion per year. China, India, and Brazil are today the three largest tobacco-producing countries. Not surprisingly, it is within these many of these nations that smoking awareness is at its lowest. For example: A 2009 survey in China showed that only 38% of smokers knew that smoking could cause heart disease while only 27% knew that it could lead to a stroke.Similarly, more than 25% of the population of Bangladesh, India, the Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam were unaware of the association between smoking and cardiovascular diseases.Meanwhile, 17% of smokers in New Zealand, 14% in France, and 13% in the United States were unaware of the cardiovascular risks of smoking despite the fact that heart diseaseâ€"and not lung cancerâ€"is the number one killer of smokers. Current Health Statistics While smokers often will often assume that lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases are a roll of the dice beyond their control, consider these facts: Tobacco today kills around half of all smokers.Globally, tobacco causes six million deaths per year. Thats one death every five seconds.Of the total number of deaths, 600,000 are among non-smokers who had been exposed to secondhand smoke.By 2030, if the trend continues, the number of deaths will rise to eight million.Smoking is the direct cause of one of every five deaths in the U.S. That translates to roughly 480,000 deaths annually, 1,300 smoking-related deaths per day, 54 deaths per hour, or almost one death per minute.Every cigarette you smoke cuts five to 11 minutes from your life. Over a lifetime, that can reduce your life expectancy by as much as 12 years.Around 25% of all heart disease deaths and 75% of lung disease deaths are directly attributed to smoking irrespective of any other cause. Youth Smoking Statistics Not all of the news is bad. It was in 1997 that smoking reached its peak among American youth with 36.4% reporting that had given cigarettes a try. According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that figure has since plummeted to just over 10%. Despite these gains, the outlook is far from rosy. Among the CDC findings: Every day, 3,200 Americans under 18 will light up their first cigarette.Of these, 2,100 will go on to become full-time smokers.Nearly nine out of every 10 smokers in the U.S. tried their first cigarette before the age of 18.The increasing popularity of flavored tobacco is believed to be the next public health threat among teens and adolescents. As a result, the FDAs latest policy requires e-cigarette companies to cease manufacturing and selling flavored vaping products (excluding menthol and tobacco) by the end of January 2020. As of 2014, 73% of high school smokers and 56% of middle school smokers reported the use of flavored tobacco.Meanwhile, 4.3% of middle school students and 11.3% of high school students reported using e-cigarettes.Additionally, 2.2% of middle school students and 5.8% of high school students reported using chewing tobacco, a practice strongly linked to oral cancer. A Word From Verywell Despite the downbeat statistics, most smokers in the U.S. understand the enormous dangers of smoking. In fact, according to the CDC, nearly 70% of American smokers want to quit and around 40% have made at least one attempt to quit in the past year. The challenge, of course, is that it may take up to 30 attempts before a person is able to stop, say researchers from the John Hopkins School of Public Health. It can be an arduous process but one that can ultimately improve your health no matter how many years you have smoked. In the end, it is never too late to quit. Take it one step at a time. With support, patience, and dedication, you will kick the habit.

Importance Of Foreign Exchange - Free Essay Example

Every country has their rate of currency. So, to make international trade it will involve the exchange of currencies. Foreign exchange rate is being defined as the rate at which a countrys currency may be changed or converted into another currency of the other country. https://www.compareremit.com/money-transfer-guide/key-factors-affecting-currency-exchange-rates/ Â  It has been a violent year for the world economy, which in numerous quarters is still recouping from the profound financial stuns of the 2008 worldwide financial emergency. A number of markets, Greece and Brazil among them, are battling with continuous challenges of declining financial development, moo commodities costs, tall expansion, and powerless adjust sheets. Unnecessary to say, budgetary markets do not bargain well with fear. Concerns over these progressing financial challenges have put a parcel of weight on neighbourhood monetary forms and created a few outstanding shifts in outside trade rates in 2015. In specific, numerous developing showcase monetary standards have debilitated over the past year against the US dollar and British pound. This has driven in turn to more hypothesis as to how winning money patterns over 2014 and 2015 may impact understudy versatility going forward. There is of course a linkage between remote trade and request for think about overseas. It emerges from the basic reality that in the event that your domestic money debilitates against the cash of the consider goal you have in intellect, your consider program successfully gets to be more costly. You require more of your nearby cash to pay educational cost and living costs in dollars or euros or pounds while overseas. The foreign exchange rate to a government that sponsor its students cost of education overseas is very important as the government will be the one who is responsible to pay the education fees of the students. Government will normally sponsor students to study in the local universities as they do not need to convert the currencies and to prevent the outflow of money of the country. They will need to reduce the rate of depreciation of the currency of the country. So they will only sponsor those who are extremely good in studies for overseas education. Foreign exchange rate is relatively important to the government in sponsoring the students costs of education at other countries. If the government send the students to another country which has a lower currency, the government will save more money. For example, if Malaysia government send the students to Taiwan for higher education, they will need to change the currency of Ringgit Malaysia (RM) to Taiwan currency, which is Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). The foreign exchange rate will be affected by the rate of currency of another country. In this case, when with the highest rate of currency, RM 1.00 can be converted into TWD 7.5582. Where this means that with the lowest rate of currency, RM1.00 can only be converted to TWD7.0188. If they convert RM10, 000.00, they will get the amount of TWD70, 188.00. The difference between the highest and lowest rate of currencies is TWD5, 394.00, which is consider as a lot. By sponsoring the students for education overseas at somewhere which has a higher currency than Malaysia, the government will be very concern about the rate of currency. When the government sponsor a student for education in America, they will need to change the currency to USD. For example, the school fees of a single student are 2,000.00 USD, government will need to convert with the amount of RM7724.00 with the higher rate of RM 3.86 to 1.00 USD. However, during the old days when the world economy is good, it only takes RM5, 860 to get 2,000.00 USD, with the rate of RM2.93 to 1.00 USD. The difference between the higher and lower foreign exchange rate is RM1, 864.00 so that it means the government need to spend extra money in order to get the amount needed for the fees of the student. By converting the money to a country which has a higher currency than Malaysia, Ringgit Malaysia is actually depreciating due to the outflow of cash. In this situation, the money of our country is going out to the other country. For example, a student is being sponsored to study at Singapore sponsored by Malaysia government. The fee for a semester is 2,000.00SGD. If the foreign exchange rate is 1.00SGD to RM2.90, then it means the Malaysia government will need to pay a total amount of RM5, 800 for the school fee. Since every country has their own currencies, they need to convert their currencies in order to trades. In this case, foreign exchange rate is will influence the international trade too. When the foreign exchange rate drastically grows from RM2.90 to RM3.50 for 1.00 SGD, it means that Singapore Dollar increase its value by comparing to Ringgit Malaysia. It means Ringgit Malaysia losses its value, so in this case means the currency of Malaysia is depreciated by 20% (Rm0.60). Foreign exchange rate is going up and down, changing each day. This is due to a few factors that influence the foreign exchange rate which are the price of traded goods, the rate of interest, the level of inflation on goods and also the peoples income in a country. The price of traded goods or services is the main factor which can determine the demand and supply. For example, if the Singapore Universities offers school fees cheaper than the Malaysia school fee, they can attract more people to go study at their country. Singapore increases the intake of overseas students, causing a hike in the demand for the local currency. This means the value of Singapore currency will be stronger whereas the Ringgit Malaysia will be devalued. Malaysia government is extremely concerned about the foreign exchange rate due to the sponsoring of students for overseas education. They will need to find a way to convert the money at the higher rate as they want to reduce the extra fees. Malaysia government need to make sure that they can maintain the value of Ringgit Malaysia, preventing depreciation. If Ringgit Malaysia depreciates drastically, the whole country will face economic crisis. More and more people will lose their jobs as companies tend to lay off their employees to maximize their profits. If too many people lose their job, Malaysia will be in a big trouble. The people of the country will suffer as they will need to find another way to earn salary in order to make both ends meet. Malaysians will be forced to leave the country to find jobs. This will cause the loss of population. Foreign exchange rate is very important for the government which sponsor those students for overseas education as they will spend more unnecessary expenses through converting the currency. If they do not sponsor students to overseas for further studying, they will save a lot more money if they only sponsor students studying in Malaysia itself. This can even boost the country economy as not as much cash flows out to the other country. By this, country can earn more money as those tourists came to spend their money in the country and less money is being spent at the overseas places, this can help to increase the value of the currency of Malaysia. Besides, foreign exchange rate is extremely significant as the government need to prepare enough budgets for the sponsor funds. They need to know the amount to prepare in order to cover all those expenses for the students education fees. They must make sure that they got the enough funds to pay the fees and some for the students pocket money. The government need to correctly make sure that the currency changed is enough for the expenditure. The government sponsoring its students to study abroad is because they want to develop their understanding of the worlds culture, languages and business method so that the student could come back and bring back the culture. In addition, foreign exchange rate is relatively important due to the currency of our country is low. The government might need to spend a lot of money to convert to the same amount of money needed at the other country.

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Notes On The Optimism Leaders And The Glass Is Half...

Optimism. Leaders, who are optimism can â€Å"roll with the punches†, consequently, their â€Å"glass is half-full†, thus, they are able to see opportunities in changes rather than threats. Hence, upcoming changes will be for the better. Furthermore, optimism leaders, see the positive attributes in others, therefore, expect the best from them. My supervisor has never said anything positive about anyone or change for that matter. Thus, he is constantly belittling others and creating a toxic environment to work in. He perceives changes as threats; therefore, he speaks negatively and struggles to adapt. Furthermore, his negativity affects his ability to accurately evaluate others attributes. Consequently, our quarterly assessment of our†¦show more content†¦As a result, he is lacking the foundational skill of emotional intelligence which hinders the other competencies as well. More so, he has been passed over several times for advancement, hence, â€Å"s elf-awareness is so important for job performance that 83 percent of people high in self-awareness are top performs† (Bradberry Greaves, 2009, p. 26). Apparently, others notice his shortcomings in emotional self-awareness, accurate self-awareness, and self-confidence. Emotional self-awareness. Leaders, who are in harmony with their inner signals, and are aware of how their feelings move them and their job performance, have emotional self-awareness. Unfortunately, my supervisor is not able to understand the best course of action because he is not mindful of his emotions or their effects. Hence, my supervisor’s emotions erupt frequently. Since he is unaware of what pushes his buttons, he is incapable of controlling his outburst. After his explosions, he dwells on it for a substantial amount of time and is not able to move on, thus affecting everyone’s job performance. Additionally, his feelings towards the organization distract him from managing those he leads. For instance, his animosity interferes with distribution of information creating incompetency. Accurate self-assessment. Leaders, who usually know their limitations and strong points, display an interest in learning where they need to develop, and encourage positive criticism and

How Organizational Behavior Will Make Me an Effective...

There are many models and concepts explained in Organizational Behavior that will influence my actions to become an effective manager. In regards to my own characteristics, I am very adaptable to work situations and I like to brainstorm various solutions to the problem. This is related to the contingency approach in which a person uses management tools and techniques in a situational appropriate manner. When a problem arises, it is vital that a manager should analyze multiple solutions and look at the situation from different perspectives. After carefully reading the situation, a manager should act accordingly based on experience, training, other role-models and prior knowledge. Therefore, the contingency approach is one of the main†¦show more content†¦Keeping the teams spirits up is crucial to avoid project delays and maintaining team cohesiveness. Employees are the core of an organization, and strengthening that core through mentoring and coaching is essential. As a manag er, I would like to be a strong mentor and coach to my employees or project team. A brief concept that is important to remember is the five common perceptual errors that include halo, leniency, central tendency, recency effects, and contrast effects. It is important that everyone is evaluated on a fair basis, in both interviews and performance appraisals. This ties into the ethics learning module, which emphasizes ethical behavior within the workplace and legal systems. As management, you are a role-model to the workers within the organization. By practicing ethical behavior, it is likely that the employees under you will observe that behavior and incorporate it into their own. This is to prevent unethical practices that have led to drastic situations such as Enron and Worldcom. As for goals, the concept of effective goal-setting is also important. This should definitely be taken into consideration during the first phase of any project. A project must have a detailed scope with objectives, as well as a realistic time span with deadlines and milestones. It is important to define the goal in specific detail along with sub objectives in order to have a sketch layout of how the project should be handled. Sub objectives will serve as short-termShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Interpersonal Skills On The Workplace1695 Words   |  7 PagesInterpersonal skills are important because they can help determine the effectiveness of a manger. It has been shown that places that have a reputation of being a good place to work have performed well in comparison to those that don’t have a good reputation. Managers that display interpersonal skills help companies attract quality employees and improve the retention of employees. Interpersonal skills in the workplace are so important because the quality of relationships in the workplace have been shown to affectRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 PagesAfter 7 weeks of Organizational Behavior class, I have learned many factors that influence an individual to make a workplace more exciting and effective. This class is more than a subject for me as it helped me to experience the different views of my peers. There is no doubt that, this subject is an eye opener for me that gives value to my work ethics and understandings. Before beginning to learn the subject, there were so many unknown factors that required clarifications in my work life. An in-depthRead MoreRelationship Between Managers And Managers1733 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships amongst employees and their managers dictate the level of happiness each derives from the workplace. Communication plays a key role in the success of these relationships. Relations between managers and their subordinates ar e known as downward relationships. Relations between subordinates and managers are known as upward relationships. Relations between peers are known as lateral relationships. All of these relationships and the communication flowing between them are capable of contributingRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Assessment And Organizational Behavior Preferences1188 Words   |  5 Pagestopics: What about me, Working with Others, and Life in Organizations. From these three topics I will also discuss what I have learned about organizational behavior in general and specifically how that will help me become more effective in my current job. Finally, I will discuss the importance of individual personality, and how knowing Jesus personally effects individual behavior. Dr Fischer states, â€Å"You cannot fully understand organizational behavior until you understand how unique individualsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : An Interdisciplinary Field Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductio n: Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management. (Ribbubs 2014) The academic field of study concerned with human behavior in organizations; also called organizational psychology. It covers topics such as motivation, group dynamics, leadership, organization structure, decision-making, careers, conflict resolution, and organizational development. When this subject is taught in business schools, it is called organizationalRead MoreEssay about Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1382 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Organizational behavior is the behavior of individuals, either one or a group. It is not the behavior of an organization, but rather the behavior of the people in an organization. This can be anywhere from a family at home to a church to a work group within a company. Some of the challenges that make behaviors challenging in today’s workplace are high performance, ethical behavior, productivity improvement, technology utilization, quality, diversityRead MoreAre the Precepts of the IBM Training Program Consistent with the Concepts in This Chapter? Why or Why Not?859 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes† (p.420) and the power tactics, which are, according to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions† (p.425). There are different power tactics an individual can use by moving people into specific actions. A research has defined nine distinct influence tactics. The most effective ones are rational persuasion, inspirational appeals and consultation. The least effective one is pressureRead MoreSelf Assessments By Robbins And Judge1361 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipated in a series of Self-Assessments by Robbins and Judge (2008) to be conscious of my personality, to recognize how I work with others, and to figure out life in organizations. Organizational behavior is a dynamic force of research, advancing toward enriching and enhancing the workforce. First, I must understand myself toward becoming an effective employee, co-worker, or manager. As a result, I am directed toward the advancement of the knowledge of these discoveries. These self-assessmentsRead MoreInfluencing Strategies Exercise Self Assessment Questionnaire1214 Words   |  5 Pagesquestionnaire show me my areas of strength and needing improvement. The result of this exercise forces you to think of ways to improve strategies. Looking at the scores, and see the actua l areas I am strength was quite surprising. This is telling me that I really do now know my worth. The following are my scores. (22) Impact Management (21) Empowerment (19) Interpersonal Awareness (19) Logical persuasion (17) Relationship Building (16) Coercion (15) Common Vision (13) Bargaining (13) Organizational AwarenessRead MoreThe Prentice Hall Self Assessment Library1317 Words   |  6 Pageswas used to help me understand my behavior. After completing the personality assessments, it has been determined that I require improvement in areas such that include interpersonal communication, and leadership skills. I have determined how what I have learned from the personality tests about organizational behavior can be applied in the workplace to make me a better employee, co-worker, or future manager. The significant part that the Holy Spirit plays in my life that will help me develop the tools

Case Study Mr.Dees Essay - 1721 Words

Case Study: Mr.Dees * Mr.Dee is a hard-working person that he studied in Berkeley and did his master in international trade. At the same he got married but he is has some unknown and blind factors which causes him to change his job a lot and lost his family. He needed to become more self-aware. He quit his job and he started to work with the company, Mitsubishi. Besides working in there, he started his own company with a partnership. Mr Dee, his partner and his partner’s wife have different things to do in the company and at first they make good money. Then Mr.Dee began hearing rumors and started to search it without biases. â€Å"In that situation it can be clearly seen that he shows the â€Å"†BLIND† characteristics of JoHari Window.†¦show more content†¦The idea of competitors changed to be cohorts. â€Å"In order to be successful in that case Mr.Dees manages the conflict constructively. He generated the current solutions and searched fort he common acceptable solution. Also asking to the team members shows that he triedto figure out what they have learned. In addition to this, he gave importance on Rational Goal Model and to its analysis. He focused on providing a vision that inspires followers and justifies the organization. To achieve this vision, the steps needed to be taken were clarified fort he optimum effectiveness.† * There is a moderate increase in railroad. Also they won an award. After 3 years later, Mr. Stevens was spending the railroad out of business. When it was discovered Mr.Dees was downsized again. * Mr.Dees moved to India to start grain marketing business. The contracts and bills took almost all of his time. His daily bids and the externel forces like weather, government controls†¦ made him to change this job to something which can be less stressful and more stable. So he closed it. Although selling insurance can be weird, he got lots of benefits from it. TO MOVE TO CALIFORNIA * He got back together with his highschool sweetheart and he tried to provide a better life for his children. He wanted to built his own business and to be his own boss. But uneducated wife bothered him to discipline his children. The emotion of his vision forced him to overcome these challanges andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mr. Dees1443 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasures to adequately capture whether or not that objective has been achieved. For the first objective, it can be measured firstly by the grading that im achieving in each course. Secondly, the degree of practical implementing for what I gained in my study and how I will implement it in the future. For the second objective, it can be measured by the feeling of satisfaction on myself for each subject I have taken. Compare the objectives and measures that you have developed. Do you see

Ifc Survey Report in Ghana Free Essays

IFC Survey Reports Expansion of Ghana’s Leasing Market WEBWIRE – Thursday, August 30, 2007 IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, today released the findings of its second annual survey of Ghana’s leasing market. The results show that the number of new leases issued in the country grew from 311 in 2005 to 536 at the end of 2006 – an increase of 72 percent. The total lease portfolio represented by gross lease receivables by the sector also increased by over 73 percent from $29. We will write a custom essay sample on Ifc Survey Report in Ghana or any similar topic only for you Order Now million in 2005 to $51. 3 million in 2006. The report notes a significant increase in the number of leasing providers, from seven in 2005 to 12 in 2007, with many banking institutions entering the sector. The Leasing in Ghana 2007 report represents the most comprehensive survey of Ghana’s leasing market to date. It highlights major developments in the leasing industry in 2006 and makes recommendations for further improvements in the policy, regulatory, and tax environments that govern the sector. The report was compiled by the SECO IFC Leasing Program, a project that seeks to enhance the role of leasing as an alternative financing mechanism for businesses in Ghana. Launching the report, Taba Cookey, SECO IFC Leasing Program Manager, said, â€Å"IFC is committed to supporting efforts that deepen Ghana’s financial sector and expand access to finance for the private sector. The 2007 survey provides strong evidence that the leasing sector is playing an increasingly important role in financing the needs of private businesses in Ghana. Philippe Sas, Economic Advisor at SECO, said, â€Å"Leasing is important, because it benefits mostly small and medium enterprises that generally cannot access financing from banking institutions. It makes it easier for these businesses to acquire capital equipment even when they lack the credit history or sufficient collateral to access traditional forms of financing. † Speaking at the launch, Dela Selormey, Head of Banking Supervision at the Bank of Ghana, commended the development of the leasing sector and outlined various efforts by the bank to support further growth of the financial sector. Worldwide, leasing has demonstrated the ability to increase investment in capital equipment. Leasing plays an important role in economic development. For example, it is reported that every 8 to 9 percent growth in leasing activities leads to a corresponding 1 percent average growth in a country’s GDP. In developed countries, leasing is used to finance about one-third of private investments. How to cite Ifc Survey Report in Ghana, Papers

The 7 Psychology Science Approaches free essay sample

The seven modern perspectives of psychology are the biological approach, the behavioral approach, the psychodynamic approach, the humanistic approach, the cognitive approach, the evolutionary approach, and the sociocultural approach. 1. The biological approach focuses on the body, brain and the nervous system. One example would be like the way your heart races when you’re afraid. The biological factors influences your specific brain structures and neurotransmitters that can contribute to depression. 2. The behavioral approach is the scientific study of your observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. It is the conflict between biological drives and society’s demands, and early childhood family experiences. One behavioral view of depression focuses on learned helplessness, and individual’s acquisition of feelings of powerlessness when exposed to aversive circumstances like stress. 3. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes your unconscious thought. This approach is believed to be deep impulses buried deep within your unconscious mind. This influences the way people think, feel, and behave. We will write a custom essay sample on The 7 Psychology Science Approaches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can contribute to depression. 4. The humanistic approach emphasizes on a person’s positive qualities. I don’t think that would play a role in depression. 5. The cognitive approach emphasizes on your mental processes involved in knowing. How we perceive and solve problems. A cognitive explanation of depression focuses on the kinds of thoughts and beliefs that can contribute to a sense of hopelessness. 6. The evolutionary approach uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. The evolutionary approach provides an inaccurate explanation of why men and women have different social roles and does not adequately account for cultural diversity and experiences. This can also play a role in depression. 7. The sociocultural approach is the approach in which social and cultural environments influence behavior. Individuals with low socioeconomic status, especially people living in poverty, are more likely to develop depression. Reference: The Science of Psychology 2 by Laura A. King

Studied For The Development Of This Report â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Studied For Development Of This Report? Answer: Introduction The case study, which has been studied for the development of this report mainly, deals with the issues concerned with the storage of huge amount of data, which is there to be accesses by public for the use in their business. The proper use of a Big Data analysis and storage server will be able to significantly benefit the organization. However, there are several security issues present with the use and accessibility of big data that ultimately ends with the cause of data breach and loss in data . The case study has been compiled to deal with the threats and issues, which are faced by ENISA (Wu et al., 2014). The key threat agents of ENISA has also been discussed in the case study. This report discusses the procedures to implement to eliminate the threats from the data system and the various security issues associated with ENISA (Inukollu, Arsi Ravuri, 2014). The treat infrastructure of ENISA and the key threat agents of the organization has also been discussed. A detailed analysis of the ENISA case study has been discussed in the following sections. Overview and ENISA big data Infrastructure The following is a brief overview of the ENISA case study and provides an infrastructure diagram of the ENISA: Overview The ENISA case study is focused on the broader topic of big data with the implementation procedure and the threats associated with the use of big data. The rise in the problems associated with the security and data breaches is a matter of huge concern in todays world and thus proper measures has to be taken to minimize such risks and breaches. The case study deals with the different threats associated with the use of big data in todays technology and the significant roles, which are present in various aspects of the society (Wright De Hert, 2012). For a large data driven economics business the use of big data is of huge significance. In recent times big data has found its usage in the field of military institutions to fight terrorism and in the field of research work. Thus, it can be said that the technology offers a large number of advantages and can be considered a major source of data and information. However the large source of information has been found to be exposed to a numbe r of threats and has also received attacks form subsequent threat agents (Gonzalez et al., 2012). The systems associated with the big data can also be used in a wide range of applications. The case study has been constructed to understand the different threats already present in the system and the possible steps that can be taken to eliminate the threat agents associated with the use of big data. The case study also provides an overview of the risk management process and strategies for the elimination of the risks associated with the use of the big data technology (Theoharidou et al., 2013). The case study emphasizes the cloud storages as a major storage place for the big data. Cloud storage has always been considered to be associated with different types of risks and problems which needs to be eliminated for the safety of the data breach and for the minimization of data loss (Tan et al., 2014). The case study also provides a detailed description of the infrastructure architecture o f the big data storage modules, which comprises of a high-leveled conceptual model. The prominent layers in the big data architecture consists of the data sources, storage modules, computing models and the presentation layers. The big data taxonomy discussed in the case study provides a brief overview of the assets and the structure associated with big data (Theoharidou, Tsalis Gritzalis, 2013). The major components of any big data server is the analytics, data security and the structure to be followed for the privacy of the data. The infrastructure of the ENISA has been discussed below in the form of a diagram: Figure1: presentation of the ENISA big data security Infrastructure (Source: Created by Author) Top Threats associated with ENISA and their significance Security threats gets associated with any form of data storage. Hackers try to launch attacks on the data servers to gain access to a large amount of information (Seshardi et al., 2012). The following is the list of top threats, which are associated with the ENISA data servers: Leak in data servers due to the use of unsecure APIs big data servers are often built with less amount of security measure, which makes the attack based on the use of unsecure API causes data breaches. Direct injection of scripts are launched through the unsecured API and therefore are considered one of the major threats in the big data implementation. The assets, which are targeted by the hackers, are mainly big data analytics, computing and software models (Pearson, 2013). Lack in the designing of the security system of the big data servers can lead to a number of threats. The breaches make the data sets are filed up with redundant data representation, which makes the management of the data sources to be impossible. This redundancy clouds the fact that if any kind of data had been stolen from the data set or not. The targeted assets mainly include the applications and data from large organization (Pearson, 2013). Denial of service attack the denial of service attack is mainly aimed at making the available resources to be blocked by the use of unauthorized access into the system and generating random requests to different pages. The acknowledgements congest out the whole network and the network eventually breaks down. The attack also decreases the performance of the system. They are mainly attacked on the servers and the network which the organization is connected to (Pearson, 2013). Malicious software and code activity apart from all the threats that has been discussed the attack-generated form a malicious software or a malicious code produces the greatest threat to the data server. This is due to the fat that the malicious code could be programmed to do any kind of harm to the system without the knowledge of the user. The threats come in the form of small files and programs, which initiate the working process on its own and spreads throughput the network. These threats should be eliminated with highest priority (Roberts, Indermaur Spiranovic, 2013). Using unauthorized certificates generation of a set of unauthorized certificates and using them to gain access to the network can lead to a significant amount of data breach and data loss. They mainly target the software and hardware associated data (Roberts, Indermaur Spiranovic, 2013). Eavesdropping of the network intercepting the data flow in the network could lead to the form of data breach. These include login credentials and back end services (Roberts, Indermaur Spiranovic, 2013). Identity fraud accessing of sensitive information while being posed as someone else can be a form of data breach. This issue mainly deals with the loss in the personal information. Most significant Threat Out of the threats discussed in the above section, the threats due to the use of unauthorized certificates can be stated as the potential top threat in the big data server scenario. This has been stated as the major threat because the data security officer who is in charge of the whole system does not always check the use of certificates (Chen Zhao, 2012). This causes the data breach to get unnoticed until it is thoroughly checked. Moreover, the main target of this type of attack are the hardware and the software. These two are the main components in the system. It they get compromised the whole data system is compromised. The security manager should check this and proper measures should be implemented to reduce the security risks (Pavlyushchik, 2014). The general target of these type of attacks are the high profile companies and organizations. Business has found increasing use in modern technology and thus security protocols should be improvised Threat agents, impact and threat probability The major top threat agents that are associated with use of big data servers and the threats probability of the situation is discussed in the following list: Corporation the major threat concern of nay organization is the security concern of the big data in large corporation who target their competitors to gain knowledge of their strategies. They steal information form their servers and use them to gain profit from the loss of their competitors. Cyber criminals- thee most dangerous threat with the security of the big data for all organization is the threat from cyber criminals. They gain access to the big data servers with the help of the network. They mainly do this to benefit from the financial point of view. Thus proper intrusion management system can help in the elimination of such threats (Taylor, Fritsch Liederbach, 2014). Cyber terrorist cyber terrorist are very much similar to the cyber criminals with the only difference between them is that they do not pertain to a small area of attack. Their range of attack is wide spread. They mainly target important infrastructures like electricity distribution plant and military bases. This would in turn cause a wide spread panic attack on the nation. Script kiddies these are amateur hackers who has very little knowledge about the working of a hacking system. They play with small scripts which they inject into the network or the system and execute small attacks (Taylor, Fritsch Liederbach, 2014). Employees- working employees of an organization poses a serious threat for the organization. They always get access to all the important document and information of the organization and thus can launch an attack silently by leaking out sensitive information to the hackers who would benefit from the details. Nation states these are by far the most dangerous type of threat agent in the world. They have all types of resources in their hand and can launch an attack on any of the other nations without the nation even knowing about it. They are highly skilled and have the best tools at their dispose (Taylor, Fritsch Liederbach, 2014). Minimization of the Impact of the Threat To minimize the threats in the organization the following steps can be followed: Have an authorized access control for all the information present in the data server of the organization. As the storage of the informations are done on a cloud-based server, the information should be categorized into level wise distribution. This would enable the monitoring of the information easy for the security experts. Enabling of the use of cryptographic functions to store data in the server and during the transmission of data within the organizations network system. Use of proper cryptographic functions will disable the hackers from knowing the content of the information even if they are able to take out packets from the network stream. Implementation of better and innovative network systems in the organization would help them to control the inflow and outflow of the network traffic. Adding a network packet checker in the data stream of the organization will help them to monitor which is the unrequired packet that is being shared by the employees of the organization. Scheduled training of the training staff of the organization is important to make them understand the working procedure of the organization. They should be made known that keeping the information of the organization safe from the hands of the hackers is the top most priority. Threat and Probability trends The different threats that is associated with the use of big data servers and technology as attackers are planning new ways to attack the data servers in order to steal the data from the organizations. The threats and the probability of them occurring in the system needs to be reduced by the organization or they might suffer a huge loss of information and profit. Different security measures can be taken up by the organization to safe guard the data servers. For the complete elimination of the threats, the root cause of all these problems must be found and attended to. Improving ETL process The ENISA threat landscape or ETL has discussed about the different threats that is associated with the organization. The repost has a specific topic of discussion mainly the threats, which is associated with the information technology used by the organization (ENISA, 2017). The major drawback of the report is that there is only discussion about the threats, which is associated with the big data servers and the data sets. It is advisable to include a more detailed structure and information about the different risks, which has evolved over time. The ETL can be improved with the addition of different threats already associated with the big data servers and its mitigation remedies. The ENISA can follow the following recommendation to improve their ETL- Storing of any kind of small information, which may be useful during the documentation process (ENISA, 2017). Load data into the system systematically. However, it would take longer than usual, but would help in able to store the complete set of data without any mistakes. The organization should move onto use the Apache Hadoop software which provides a set of tools useful for the implementation of the data analysis and to understand the data that has already been collected (Cherdantseva et al,. 2016). Current State of IT security The ENISA organization has been found to be not satisfied with the information structure that they are following. Threats associated with the security system still pertains to the same level (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). The security features of the organization needs to be upgraded and different features and protocols needs to be included in the system to keep the data safe form the hands of the hackers. The report has discussed a number of different security measures, which can be implemented. One of the major threat that is associated with the use of big data servers is that the redundancy of information is not always checked. This could help in reducing the storage space, which in turn would make the management of the information easy (Albakri et al., 2014). The use of unsecured API also should be avoided with highest priority. Moreover, to be on the safe side proper intrusion detection system should also be implemented into the system to have an extra layer of security. Conclusion Form the above discussion it can be started that the ENISA big data infrastructure should go under the thorough checking of the security protocols and the measures that has already been taken in the organization. The report has identified major threats that are associated with the big data system. The report also suggests the different techniques that are used for the minimization of the risks. Big data has found increasing use in modern technology and thus security protocols should be improvised. References Albakri, S. H., Shanmugam, B., Samy, G. N., Idris, N. B., Ahmed, A. (2014). Security risk assessment framework for cloud computing environments. Security and Communication Networks, 7(11), 2114-2124. Big Data Threat Landscape Nursing. (2017). Enisa.europa.eu. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/bigdata-threat-landscape Brucker, A. D., Hang, I., Lckemeyer, G., Ruparel, R. (2012, June). SecureBPMN: Modeling and enforcing access control requirements in business processes. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (pp. 123-126). ACM. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. In Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Cherdantseva, Y., Burnap, P., Blyth, A., Eden, P., Jones, K., Soulsby, H., Stoddart, K. (2016). A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems. computers security, 56, 1-27. Gonzalez, N., Miers, C., Redigolo, F., Simplicio, M., Carvalho, T., Nslund, M., Pourzandi, M. (2012). A quantitative analysis of current security concerns and solutions for cloud computing. Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, 1(1), 11. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications, 6(3), 45. Pavlyushchik, M. A. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,713,631. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Pearson, S. (2013). Privacy, security and trust in cloud computing. In Privacy and Security for Cloud Computing (pp. 3-42). Springer London. Roberts, L. D., Indermaur, D., Spiranovic, C. (2013). Fear of cyber-identity theft and related fraudulent activity. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(3), 315-328. Seshardi, V., Ramzan, Z., Satish, S., Kalle, C. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,266,698. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Stallings, W., Tahiliani, M. P. (2014). Cryptography and network security: principles and practice (Vol. 6). London: Pearson. Tan, Z., Jamdagni, A., He, X., Nanda, P., Liu, R. P. (2014). A system for denial-of-service attack detection based on multivariate correlation analysis. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, 25(2), 447-456. Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J. (2014). Digital crime and digital terrorism. Prentice Hall Press. Theoharidou, M., Tsalis, N., Gritzalis, D. (2013, June). In cloud we trust: Risk-Assessment-as-a-Service. In IFIP International Conference on Trust Management (pp. 100-110). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. computers security, 38, 97-102. Wright, D., De Hert, P. (2012). Introduction to privacy impact assessment. In Privacy Impact Assessment (pp. 3-32). Springer Netherlands. Wu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, G. Q., Ding, W. (2014). Data mining with big data. IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering

Research Paper Essay For College

Research Paper Essay For CollegeYour college's application requirements are strict when it comes to a sample research paper essay for college. Your choices on how to write this must be careful and thought out. It is your best opportunity to impress your admissions committee, so use it wisely.You can either use an actual college research paper, or use a sample research paper essay for college. Your choice will reflect on how well you can complete the essay, as well as how well you can interact with the reader. Whether you choose to use an actual research paper or a sample research paper, it is important that your essay is unique, original, and unbiased. Your choice also reflects on your attitude toward your academic career.What do you write about? This question is fairly simple to answer, but many students forget to do so. What topic do you want to discuss? You need to list some major or minor academic topics, from which you may select the appropriate essay topic.What type of essay do you plan to write for your particular college? A research paper that covers a few general topics will not necessarily fit you well in a particular school. Make sure that the topic is something you really care about.What kind of research paper do you plan to write? This is more difficult to answer because some people will always prefer research papers with a lot of in-depth reading. In order to ensure that you are not biased, you should focus on a particular area of study, rather than generalities.Make sure that you keep your essay brief. Be concise and readable, without being boring. Use different approaches, such as a case study or case report, to move your essay forward. This will make your essay interesting, and it will help with the reading comprehension level of your reader.With these tips, you will have a lot of help in choosing a research paper essay for college. Use them to give yourself the best chance of being accepted to your dream school.

Will Rogers Essays (1221 words) - American Old West, Agriculture

Will Rogers Will Rogers was a cowboy that did rope tricks. He was loved by the crowds that watched him. ?Onto the stage ambled a friendly-faced, tousled-haired man wearing a cowboy getup and carrying a collection of lassos in his hand. He smiled at the audience, then threw out one of the ropes, twirling it in a circle in preparation for one of the complicated rope tricks he was hired to perform. But as he went into the trick, he miscalculated the size of the small stage, and the rope whacked into the backdrop and fell to the ground with a loud thud. The audience was silent as the obviously embarrassed cowboy reached down and picked it up. Without a word, he tried the trick a second time. Again, the rope slammed loudly onto the stage floor. Show directors had a standard way of dealing with such a disasters-get the performer away from the audience as fast as possible, or ?give'em the hook? in the theater parlance. As the curtain came down on the rope twirler, Buck thought sadly that the curtain had probably been drawn on the young hopeful's career. To his surprise, the audience was thinking differently. Instead of hurling jeers and catcalls, people here and there began to clap, and soon the entire theater was filled with the sound of applauses. The curtain went back up, but when the audience saw another musical number was next, they booed and hooted, demanding the return of the clumsy cowboy. They did not care that he had botched his act-there was something so appealing about him that the audience just wanted to see more of him. -2 The curtain went back down; after a few tense moments, it rose again as the cowboy, his smile even broader this time out, sauntered back onstage. The act went well this time out, and the audience responded with a standing ovation. Buck was impressed. It did not take too much imagination to recognize that he had found a real crowd pleaser.?1 In 1915, Will was becoming a follies star. He quickly got bored of his act. ?By 1915, Rogers had become a staple of the vaudeville circuit. He had no trouble getting jobs, and his act inevitably drew raves from the critics and the public alike. Recognition and good pay were not quite enough for Rogers, however, for he quickly grew bored doing the same type of act over and over. A man of tremendous energy, Rogers always had to have new challenges in order to maintain the level of concentration he needed to be at his absolute best as a performer.?2 War World I helped Will's career. He became a cracker-box humorist. ?In the Follies his famous line, ?Well, all I know is what I read in the papers,? introduced new highlights which he learned to bring into homely but unexpected focus. ?I never told a story in my life,? he once said. ?What little humor I've got pertains to now.? What the Civil War had been to earlier cracker-box humorists, and the Spanish-American War to Mr. Dooley, the First World War became to the rising star of Will Rogers-and continued through its sequels from the Peace Conference (?The United States never lost a war or won a conference?) to the Coolidge bull market (?Two thirds of the people promote while one-third provide?). As a Westerner, Rogers understood the Virginian's famous formula, ?When you say that, smile!? With a jester's immunity he deflated rhetoric, buncombe, and group smugness; and surprisingly few tempers were lost. ?3 -3 Will started writhing newspaper articles in 1922. He was a popular writer. ? In November 1922 Rogers had begun a long series of weekly articles for The New York Times and the Times from London, July 29, 1926, about Lady Astor's visit to Manhattan, set the tradition of his daily telegram, one terse paragraph that curbed his genial wordiness and proved to be his most popular medium. Syndication carried it to some 350 newspapers, with an estimated 40,000,000 readers. Writing almost constantly of politics, and belonging nominally to the Democratic party (because ?it's funnier to be a Democrat?), Rogers wisely chose the nonpartisan point of view.?4 Will loved to travel. Even if it could cost him his life. ?In the late summer of 1935 he planned a flight north to the Orient with his fellow Oklahoman, Wiley Post [q.v.]. About fifteen miles from Point Barrow, Alaska, on Aug. 15, their monoplane developed engine trouble and, with an Eskimo hunter

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking AP Statistics? If so, you're likely wondering what to expect from the AP Statistics exam. Before you sit down to take the final test, it's important to understand how the AP Stats test is formatted, what topics it will cover, and how it'll be scored. This guide will explain all of that information, show you official sample problems and give you tips on the best way to prepare for the AP Statistics test. In 2020, the AP Statistics exam will take place on Friday, May 15th at 12:00pm. How Is the AP Statistics Exam Structured? How long is the AP Statistics exam? The test is a total of three hours long and contains two sections: multiple choice and free response. You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam. Multiple-Choice Section 40 multiple-choice questions 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score You can spend an average of a little more than two minutes on each multiple-choice question and finish the section in time. Free-Response Section 5 short-answer questions 1 Investigative Task 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score The five short-answer questions are meant to each be solved in about 12 minutes, and the Investigative Task is meant to be solved in about 30 minutes. What Does the AP Statistics Exam Test You On? The content of the AP Stats exam and course is centered around four major topics. Below are the four topics, along with what percentage of the exam will be on them and all the topics that fall beneath each of them. The list covers every single topic that the AP Statistics exam could test you on. #1: Exploring Data: Describing Patterns and Departures From Patterns (20-30%) Constructing and interpreting graphical displays of distributions of univariate data (dotplot, stemplot, histogram, cumulative frequency plot) Center and spread Clusters and gaps Outliers and other unusual features Shape Summarizing distributions of univariate data Measuring center: median, mean Measuring spread: range, interquartile range, standard deviation Measuring position: quartiles, percentiles, standardized scores (z-scores) Using boxplots The effect of changing units on summary measures Comparing distributions of univariate data (dotplots, back-to-back stemplots, parallel boxplots) Comparing center and spread: within group, between group variation Comparing clusters and gaps Comparing outliers and other unusual features Comparing shapes Exploring bivariate data Analyzing patterns in scatterplots Correlation and linearity Least-squares regression line Residual plots, outliers, and influential points Transformations to achieve linearity: logarithmic and power transformations Exploring categorical data Frequency tables and bar charts Marginal and joint frequencies for two-way tables Conditional relative frequencies and association Comparing distributions using bar charts #2: Sampling and Experimentation: Planning and Conducting a Study (10-15%) Planning and conducting experiments Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment Treatments, control groups, experimental units, random assignments and replication Sources of bias and confounding, including placebo effect and blinding Completely randomized design Randomized block design, including matched pairs design Overview of methods of data collection Census Sample survey Experiment Observational study Planning and conducting surveys Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey Populations, samples, and random selection Sources of bias in sampling and surveys Sampling methods, including simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling Generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys #3: Anticipating Patterns: Exploring Random Phenomena Using Probability and Simulation (20-30%) The normal distribution Properties of the normal distribution Using tables of the normal distribution The normal distribution as a model for measurements Probability Interpreting probability, including long-run relative frequency interpretation "Law of Large Numbers" concept Addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probability, and independence Discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including binomial and geometric Simulation of random behavior and probability distributions Mean (expected value) and standard deviation of a random variable, and linear transformation of a random variable Combining independent random variables Notion of independence versus dependence Mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of independent random variables Sampling distributions Sampling distribution of a sample proportion Sampling distribution of a sample mean Central Limit Theorem Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means Simulation of sampling distributions t-distribution Chi-square distribution #4: Statistical Inference: Estimating Population Parameters and Testing Hypotheses (30-40%) Estimation (point estimators and confidence intervals) Estimating population parameters and margins of error Properties of point estimators, including unbiasedness and variability Logic of confidence intervals, meaning of confidence level and confidence intervals, and properties of confidence intervals Large sample confidence interval for a proportion Large sample confidence interval for a difference between two proportions Confidence interval for a mean Confidence interval for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Confidence interval for the slope of a least-squares regression line Tests of Significance Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power Large sample test for a proportion Large sample test for a difference between two proportions Test for a mean Test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Chi-square test for goodness of fit, homogeneity of proportions, and independence (one- and two-way tables) Test for the slope of a least-squares regression line AP Statistics Sample Questions As we mentioned above, there are three types of questions on the AP Stats exam: multiple choice, short answer, and investigative task. Below are examples of each question type. You can see more sample questions and answer explanations in the AP Statistics Course Description. Multiple-Choice Sample Question There are 40 multiple-choice questions on the exam. Each has five answer options. Some questions will be accompanied by a chart or graph you need to analyze to answer the question. Short-Answer Sample Question There are five short-answer questions on the AP Stats test. Each of these questions typically includes several different parts you need to answer. You're expected to spend about 12 minutes on each short-answer question. Investigative Task Sample Question The final question on the exam is the Investigative Task question. This is the most in-depth question on the test, and you should spend about 30 minutes answering it. It will have multiple parts you need to answer and require multiple statistics skills. You'll also need to provide a detailed explanation of your answers that shows the strength of your statistics skills. Be sure to show all your work as you'll be graded on the completeness of your answer. How Is the AP Statistics Test Graded? For the multiple-choice part of the exam, you earn one point for each question you answer correctly. There are no point deductions for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank. Official AP graders will grade your free-response questions. Each of the six free-response questions is scored on a scale of 0 to 4 points, so the total section is out of 24 points. The free-response questions are graded holistically, which means, instead of getting a point or half a point for each bit of correct information you include, graders look at your answer to each question as a "complete package," and your grade is awarded on the overall quality of your answer. The grading rubric for each free-response question is: 4: Complete Response: Shows complete understanding of the problem's statistical components 3: Substantial Response: May include arithmetic errors, but answers are still reasonable and show substantial understanding of the problem's statistical components 2: Developing Response: May include errors that result in some unreasonable answers, but shows some understanding of the problem's statistical components 1: Minimal Response: Misuses or fails to use appropriate statistical techniques and shows only a limited understanding of statistical components by failing to identify important components 0: No Response: Shows little or no understanding of statistical components What does holistic grading mean for you? Basically, you can't expect to earn many points by including a few correct equations or arithmetic answers if you're missing key statistical analysis. You need to show you understand how to use stats to get a good score on these questions. Estimating Your AP Statistics Score If you take a practice AP Stats exam (which you should!) you'll want to get an estimate of what your score on it is so you can get an idea of how well you'd do on the real exam. To estimate your score, you'll need to do a few calculations. 1. Multiply the number of points you got on the multiple-choice section by 1.25 2. For free-response questions 1 through 5, add the number of points you got together and multiply that sum by 1.875 (don't round). If you need help estimating your score, the official free-response questions we linked to above include sample responses to help you get an idea of the score you'd get for each question. 3. For free-response question #6, multiply your score by 3.125. 4. Add the scores you got in steps 1-3 together to get your Composite Score. For example, say you got 30 questions correct on the multiple-choice section, 13 points on questions 1-5, and 2 points on question 6. Your score would be (30 x 1.25) + (13 x 1.875) + (2 x 3.125) = 68.125 which rounds to 68 points. By looking at the chart below, you can see that'd get you a 4 on the AP Statistics exam. Below is a conversion chart so you can see how raw score ranges translate into final AP scores. I've also included the percentage of students who earned each score in 2017 to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: Composite Score AP Score Percentage of Students Earning Each Score (2017) 70-100 5 13.6% 57-69 4 15.9% 44-56 3 24.8% 33-43 2 20.2% 0-32 1 25.5% Source: The College Board Where Can You Find Practice AP Stats Tests? Practice tests are an important part of your AP Stats prep. There are official and unofficial AP Stats practice tests available. Below are some of the best practice tests to use. Official Practice Tests 2012 Complete Practice Test 1997 Complete Practice Test Free-Response Questions 1998-2017 Unofficial Practice Tests Barron's Practice Test To learn more about where to find AP Statistics practice tests and how to use them, check out our complete guide to AP Statistics practice exams. 3 Tips for the AP Statistics Exam In this section we go over three of the most useful tips you can use when preparing for and taking the AP Statistics test. Follow these and you're more likely to get a great score on the exam. #1: For Free Response, Answer the Entire Question As we mentioned earlier, free-response questions on AP Stats are graded holistically, which means you'll get one score for the entire question. This is different from many other AP exams where each correct component you include in a free-response question gets you a certain number of points, and those points are then added up to get your total score for that question. The Stats free-response questions are graded holistically because there are often multiple correct answers in statistics depending on how you solve the problem and explain your answer. This means you can't just answer part of the question and expect to get a good score, even if you've answered that part perfectly. If you've ignored a large part of the problem, your score will be low no matter what. So instead of trying to get a point here and there by including a correct formula or solving one part of a question, make sure you're looking at the entire problem and answering it as completely as possible. Also, if you need to include an explanation, be sure it explains your thought process and the steps you took. If your explanation shows you understand important stats concepts, it could help you get a higher score even if your final answer isn't perfect. Aiming for the most complete response possible is also important if you can't answer one part of a question that's needed to answer other parts. For example, if you can't figure out what the answer to part A is, but you need to use that answer for parts B and C, just make up an answer (try to keep it logical), and use that answer to solve the other parts, or explain in detail how you'd solve the problem if you knew what the answer to part A was. If you can show you know how to solve the latter problems correctly, you'll likely get some credit for showing you understand the stats concepts being tested. #2: Know How to Use Your Calculator You'll need a graphing calculator to answer pretty much every question on the Stats exam, so make sure you know how to use it. Ideally, the calculator you use on test day will be the same one you've been doing homework and taking tests with throughout the school year so you know exactly how to use it. Knowing how to solve common stats functions on your calculator and interpret the answers you get will save you a lot of time on the exam. Your calculator will likely be most useful on the multiple-choice section where you don't need to worry about showing work. Just plug in the data you're given into your calculator, and run the right equations. Then you'll have your answer! #3: Know Your Vocabulary You may think that since AP Stats is a math course, vocab won't be an important part of the test, but you need to know quite a few terms to do well on this exam. Confusing right- and left-skewed or random sampling and random allocation, for example, could lead to you losing tons of points on the test. During the school year, stay on top of any new terms you learn in class. Making flashcards of the terms and quizzing yourself regularly is a great way to stay up-to-date on vocab. Many AP Stats prep books also include a glossary of important terms you can use while studying. Before the AP Stats exam, you should know all important terms like the back of your hand. Having a general idea isn't good enough. A big part of stats is being able to support your answers, and to do this you'll often need to use stats vocab in your explanations. Just stating the term won't earn you nearly as many points as being able to explain what the term is and how it supports your answer, so make sure you really know your vocab well. Summary: Statistics AP Exam The AP Statistics exam is three hours long and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions and six free-response questions. The content of the exam covers four main areas: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. To prepare well for AP Stats exam questions, it's important to take practice exams and know how to grade them so you can estimate how well you'd do on the actual test. When studying for the AP exam, remember to answer the entire question for free response, know how to use your calculator, and be on top of stats vocabulary. What's Next? Feel the need to do some quick reviewing after looking through what'll be covered on the AP Stats exam? Take a spin through our guide to statistical significance to refresh yourself on how to run a t-test. How difficult is AP Stats compared to other AP classes? Get the answer by reading our guide to the hardest AP exams and classes. Wondering which other math classes you should take besides statistics? Math is often the trickiest subject to choose classes for, but our guide will help you figure out exactly which math classes to take for each year of high school. A prep book can be one of your best study resources for the AP Stats exam. But which prep book should you choose? Check out our guide to AP Stats prep books to learn which is the best and which you should avoid. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: